spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2023.338spfp-338Research ArticleКОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРОДУКЦИИ АПКCONTROL OVER QUALITY AND SAFETY OF AGRIBUSINESS PRODUCTSВлияние температурного режима хранения на потери от функциональных расстройств и интенсивность поверхностного поражения плодов яблони загаромThe Effect of the Temperature Regime of Storage on Losses from Functional Disorders and the Intensity of Surface Damage to Apple Fruits by Scaldhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-6451НикитинАндрей ЛеонидовичNikitinAndrey L.

Ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимической и технологической оценки сортов и хранения ФГБНУ ВНИИСПК («Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур»)

nikitin@vniispk.ruМакаркинаМаргарита АлексеевнаMakarkinaMargarita A.makarkina@vniispk.ruГалашеваАнна МироновнаGalashevaAnna M.galasheva@vniispk.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культурРоссияRussian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK)Russian Federation20233003202301212225Copyright © Никитин А.Л., Макаркина М.А., Галашева А.М., 20232023Никитин А.Л., Макаркина М.А., Галашева А.М.Nikitin A.L., Makarkina M.A., Galasheva A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/338Введение

Введение. При хранении яблок основную опасность представляют функциональные расстройства (ФР): побурение кожицы (загар) и подкожная пятнистость (горькая ямчатость), на их долю приходится основной процент потерь.

 

 

Цель

Цель. Выявление сортов устойчивых и генетически предрасположенных к ФР плодов в процессе низкотемпературного хранения в различных режимах. Определение интенсивности поверхностного поражения (ИПП) плодов загаром для более точной оценки качества конечной продукции, подборе оптимальных режимов и конкретизации сроков хранения плодов.

 

 

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Плоды сортов яблони селекции ВНИИСПК Вавиловское, Ивановское, Министр Киселёв, Рождественское хранили в режимах +2 ºС и – 1 ºС. По окончании хранения плоды распределяли в  ависимости от ИПП загаром на 4 группы.

 

 

Результаты

Результаты. Зафиксированы ФР: низкотемпературное разложение мякоти (НТР); загар; низкотемпературный ожог (НТО); перезревание, побурение мякоти, увядание. Плоды изученных сортов в различной степени поражались загаром, процент потерь составил — 12,6 % от общего количества хранимых плодов, 8,2 % — относили к здоровым, 4,4 % — к отходу. Сильнее поражались плоды в режиме +2 ºС. У сорта Ивановское загар отсутствовал. Наибольший процент загара 5,4 % был на площади <5 % поверхности плода, наименьший 0,1 % — на площади >50 %. В среднем по сортам минимальные потери от ФР были в режиме — 1 ºС. Плоды сортов Министр Киселёв и Рождественское при данном режиме поражались НТО и НТР.

 

 

Выводы

Выводы. Установлена различная степень поражения плодов яблони и их индивидуальная реакция на температурный режим хранения, лучший режим – 1 ºС. Конкретная группировка плодов по ИПП дает возможность точнее разделять их по качеству при реализации, прослеживать степень их поражения в различных температурных условиях хранения с фиксацией результатов в обозначенных границах площади поверхности. Необходима корректировка температурных условий хранения плодов изучаемых сортов. 

Introduction

Introduction. When storing apples, functional disorders (FDs) are the main danger: browning of the skin (scald) and subcutaneous spotting (bitter pitting), they account for the main percentage of losses.

 

 

Purpose

Purpose. Identification of cultivars resistant and genetically predisposed to FDs, in the process of low-temperature storage in various modes. Determination of the intensity of surface damage (SDI) of fruits by scald for a more accurate assessment of the quality of the final product and the selection of optimal modes for specifying the shelf life of fruits.

 

 

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. The fruits of VNIISPK apple cultivars Vavilovskoye, Ivanovskoye, Ministr Kiselyov and Rozhdestvenskoye were stored in +2 °C and — 1 °C modes. At the end of storage, the fruits were distributed into 4 groups depending on the SDI by scald. Results. The following functional disorders were observed: low-temperature decomposition of the pulp (LTD); scald; low temperature burn (LTB); overripe, browning of the pulp and wilting. Fruits of all studied cultivars were affected by scald to varying degrees,the percentage of losses was 12.6 % of the total number of stored fruits, 8.2 % were attributed to healthy, 4.4 % — to waste. Fruits were more damaged in the +2 °C mode. There was no scald on the fruits of Ivanovskoye. The largest percentage of scald 5.4 % was on the area <5 % of the fruit surface, and the smallest percentage 0.1 % was on the fruit surface area >50 %. On average, the minimum losses from FDs were in the mode of — 1 °C. Under this regime, fruits of Ministr Kiselyov and Rozhdestvenskoe were affected by LTD and LTB.

 

 

Conclusions

Conclusions. A different degree of damage to apple fruits and their individual reaction to the temperature regime of storage has been established, the best mode is 1 ° C. A specific grouping of fruits by SDI makes it possible to separate them more accurately by quality during sale, to monitor the degree of their damage in various temperature storage conditions with the fixation of the results within the designated boundaries of the surface area. It is necessary to adjust the temperature conditions of storage of fruits of the studied cultivars.

 

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.