spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2025.3.666spfp-666Research ArticleТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ СЕЛЬХОЗПРОДУКЦИИTHEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FARM PRODUCTS STORAGE AND PROCESSINGТехнологии хранения плодов яблони сорта Джеромин: от традиционных к инновационнымStorage Technologies for Jeromin Apples: From Traditional to Innovativehttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-7465-7723ГудковскийВладимир АлександровичGudkovskyVladimir A.

Академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель "Научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда" ФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"

SPIN-код: 2123-6926

microlab-05@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-2833-1965КожинаЛюдмила ВладимировнаKozhinaLyudmila V.

ведущий научный сотрудник

microlab-05@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-1259-0594НазаровЮрий БорисовичNazarovYuri B.

старший научный сотрудник

microlab-05@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4467-1434СуторминаАлёна ВладимировнаSutorminaAlena V.

научный сотрудник

microlab-05@mail.ruФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"РоссияI.V. Michurin Federal Scientific CenterRussian FederationФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"РоссияI.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific CenterRussian Federation2025200120263336666Copyright © Гудковский В.А., Кожина Л.В., Назаров Ю.Б., Сутормина А.В., 20262026Гудковский В.А., Кожина Л.В., Назаров Ю.Б., Сутормина А.В.Gudkovsky V.A., Kozhina L.V., Nazarov Y.B., Sutormina A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/38Введение

Введение: Сбалансированное питание является необходимым условием поддержания здоровья человека. Плоды яблони - самые потребляемые фрукты, производимые в регионах мира с умеренным климатом. Окрашенные сладкие сорта (Джеромин) пользуются повышенным спросом у потребителей. С разной эффективностью технологии хранения в обычной (ОА), регулируемой атмосфере с ультранизким содержанием кислорода (УЛО) и динамичной регулируемой атмосфере (ДРА) регулируют/управляют созреванием фруктов, что обеспечивает потребителям круглогодичный доступ к плодам высокого/приемлемого качества с полезными для здоровья компонентами. Для относительно нового сорта Джеромин не изучено влияние послеуборочных факторов на восприимчивость к физиологическим заболеваниям, продолжительность хранения, впервые разрабатывается технология ДРА. 

Цель

Цель: Выявить восприимчивость плодов сорта Джеромин к физиологическим заболеваниям при хранении, проследить влияние метеорологических условий предуборочного периода на развитие физиологических заболеваний, изучить влияние 4-х существующих (ОА-контроль, ОА+1-МЦП, УЛО-контроль, УЛО+1-МЦП) и 2-х разрабатываемых технологий хранения (ДРА-контроль, ДРА+1-МЦП) на физиолого-биохимические и др. показатели качества, восприимчивость к заболеваниям, продолжительность хранения плодов для создания системы круглогодичного хранения сорта.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Объектом исследования служили плоды яблони сорта Джеромин, часть плодов обрабатывали 1-МЦП, контрольные и обработанные партии хранили в условиях ОА, УЛО и ДРА, определяли этилен, α-фарнезен и продукты его окисления (КТ281), твердость, сухие растворимые вещества, кислотность, потери от заболеваний и повреждений и др.

Результаты

Результаты: В зависимости от наличия факторов ингибирования метаболизма плодов эффективные сроки хранения плодов сорта Джеромин при 6 изученных технологиях составляют: ОА-контроль (до 3,5 мес.), ОА+1-МЦП (до 5 мес.), УЛО-контроль (4-5 мес.), УЛО+1-МЦП (8-9 мес.), ДРА-контроль (9-10 мес.), ДРА+1-МЦП (9-11 мес.). Хранение плодов сорта Джеромин при использовании технологии ДРА-контроль с эффективным арсеналом средств ингибирования созревания плодов – обеспечивает защиту от загара, минимизацию потерь от подкожной пятнистости, исключение потерь от коричневой пятнистости, увеличение продолжительности хранения до 9-10 месяцев, при максимальной дегустационной оценке потребителем.

Выводы

Выводы: Система хранения плодов сорта Джеромин (6 технологий) обеспечивает сохранение высококачественной продукции и возможность ее успешной реализации на российском рынке в период от 3,5 до 11 месяцев после съема, т.е. практически до нового урожая. Высокий уровень сохранения товарного и потребительского качества (вкус, аромат), отсутствие химических обработок в послеуборочный период определяют предпочтительность технологии ДРА-контроль для потребителя и серьезные основания для ее промышленного освоения. В связи с возрастающими требованиями потребителя к качеству и безопасности плодов, а также рисками поражения плодов МЦП-опосредованными заболеваниями у технологий хранения с послеуборочной обработкой 1-МЦП (ОА+1-МЦП, УЛО+1-МЦП) снижается конкурентоспособность.

Introduction

Introduction: Balanced nutrition is essential for maintaining human health. Apple fruits are the most consumed fruits produced in temperate regions of the world. Red-colored sweet apple cultivars (Jeromin) are in high demand among consumers. Storage technologies with regular (RA), controlled atmosphere with ultra-low oxygen (ULO) and dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) regulate/manage fruit ripening with different efficiency, which provides year-round access to fruits of high/acceptable quality with healthy components for consumers. The influence of post-harvest factors on susceptibility to physiological diseases and effective storage period for a relatively new apple cultivar Jeromin has not been studied, DCA technology is being developed for the first time.

Purpose

Purpose: To identify the susceptibility of apple fruits cv. Jeromin to physiological storage diseases, to track the influence of meteorological conditions of the pre-harvest period on the development of physiological diseases, to study the influence of 4 existing (RA-control, RA+1-MCP, ULO-control, ULO+1-MCP) and 2 storage technologies under development (DCA-control, DCA+1-MCP) on physiological, biochemical and other quality indicators of apples, its susceptibility to diseases, and the storage duration to create a year-round storage system for the cultivar.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: The objects of the study were the apple fruits cv. Jeromin; some of the fruits were treated with 1-MCP, the control and treated lots were stored under RA, ULO and DCA conditions; ethylene, α-farnesene and its oxidation products (CT281), fruit firmness, dry soluble substances content, titratable acidity, losses from diseases, etc. were determined.

Results

Results: Depending on the presence of factors inhibiting fruit metabolism, the effective storage periods of the apple fruits cv. Jeromin using the 6 studied technologies are: RA-control (up to 3.5 months), RA+1-MCP (up to 5 months), ULO-control (4–5 months), ULO+1-MCP (8–9 months), DCA-control (9–10 months), DCA+1-MCP (9–11 months). Storage of the apple fruits cv. Jeromin using DCA-control technology with an effective arsenal of fruit ripening inhibition agents provides protection from superficial scald, minimizes losses from bitter pit, eliminates losses from leather blotch, increases the storage period to 9–10 months, with maximum consumer tasting assessment.

Conclusion

Conclusion: The storage system of the apple fruits cv. Jeromin (6 technologies) ensures the preservation of high-quality products and the possibility of their successful sale on the Russian market for the period from 3.5 to 11 months after harvesting, i.e. practically until the new harvest. The high level of preservation of commercial and consumer quality (taste, aroma), the absence of post-harvest chemical treatments determine the preference of the DCA-control technology for the consumers and serious grounds for its industrial development. Due to increasing consumer demands for the quality and safety of fruits, as well as the risks of damage to fruits by MCP-mediated diseases, the competitiveness of storage technologies with post-harvest 1-MCP treatment (RA + 1-MCP, ULO + 1-MCP) is decreasing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.