<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">spfp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Storage and Processing of Farm Products</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9669</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-767X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/spfp.2023.381</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">spfp-381</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ, МАШИНЫ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES, MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Автоматизация управления процессами выращивания культур в тепличных комплексах вертикального типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Automation of crop growing processes in vertical greenhouse complexes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябинов</surname><given-names>Артём Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabinov</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">levonevskij.d@iias.spb.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>Mikhail S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">lislosk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левоневский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Константинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levonevskiy</surname><given-names>Dmitry K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">levonevskij.d@iias.spb.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-2900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоскутов</surname><given-names>Святослав Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loskutov</surname><given-names>Svetoslav I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория автономных робототехнических систем, SPIN-код: 2772-8395</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lislosk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPIIRAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рябинов А.В., Виноградов М.С., Левоневский Д.К., Лоскутов С.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рябинов А.В., Виноградов М.С., Левоневский Д.К., Лоскутов С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryabinov A.V., Vinogradov M.S., Levonevskiy D.K., Loskutov S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/381">https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/381</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Современные методы и средства автоматизации технологических процессов в сельском хозяйстве и, в частности, в тепличных комплексах, являются предметом исследования многих научных коллективов, но многие решения носят частичный характер, т.е. обычно охватывают отдельные технологические параметры, либо позволяют осуществлять сбор данных о технологическом процессе (выполнять мониторинг), но не управлять процессами производства. Нередко решения рассчитаны в значительной мере на использование в ручном режиме или не предусматривают адаптивное управление параметрами теплицы. Такие решения не в полной мере удовлетворяют требованиям практики. Таким образом, необходимо повысить уровень автоматизации технологических процессов в вертикальных фермах за счет разработки методов, моделей и архитектуры адаптивного управления этими процессами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Представить трехуровневую модульную архитектуру АСУ ТП современного тепличного комплекса, использующую в качестве интерфейса CAN-шину и характеризующуюся масштабируемостью, модульностью и возможностью охвата всех технологических процессов автоматического выращивания культур в теплицах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: В качестве объекта автоматизации рассмотрена теплица для вертикального выращивания микрозелени по технологии аэропоники низкого давления, оборудованная рядом инженерных систем. На основе исходных материалов и требований к такой системе разрабатывается трёхуровневая архитектура автоматизации. Оценивается реализуемость технологических процессов с использованием предложенных проектных и технических решений. В данной работе для этого используется критерий максимально допустимого времени реализации технологического процесса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Нижний уровень содержит датчики и исполнительные механизмы. Средний уровень содержит модули ввода и вывода, сбора данных, блоки управления. Верхний уровень представляет собой SCADA систему, персональный компьютер, на котором развернут сервер, принимающий и агрегирующий информацию от модулей логики и сбора данных и предоставляющий пользователю графический интерфейс для управления процессами. Моделирование показывает способность системы на основе такой архитектуры соответствовать временным критериям, установленным для технологических процессов и взаимодействия с пользователями.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Дальнейшая работа заключается в разработке спецификации на описываемые модули, формулировании требований к ним, выполнении проектирования, разработки, изготовления и испытаний. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Modern methods and means ofautomating technological processes in agriculture and, in particular, in greenhouse complexes, are the subject of research by many scientific teams, but many solutions are partial, i.e. usually cover individual technological parameters, or allow the collection of data about the technological process (monitoring), but not the management of production processes. Often solutions are designed largely for manual use or do not provide for adaptive control of greenhouse parameters. Such solutions do not fully satisfy the requirements of practice.Thus, it is necessary to increase the level of automation of technological processes in vertical farms through the development of methods, models and architecture for adaptive control of these processes.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To present a three-level modular architecture of a process control system of a modern greenhouse complex, using a CAN bus as an interface and characterized by scalability, modularity and the ability to cover all technological processes of automatic crop cultivation in greenhouses.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: A greenhouse for vertical cultivation of microgreens using lowpressure aeroponics technology,equipped with a number ofengineering systems, is considered as an automation object. Based on the source materials and requirements for such a system, a three-level automation architecture is developed.The feasibility of technological processes using the proposed design and technical solutions is assessed. In this work, for this purpose, the criterion of the maximum permissible time for the implementation of the technological process is used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The lower level contains sensors and actuators. The middle level contains input and output modules, data acquisition, and control units. The top level is a SCADA system, a personal computer on which a server is deployed that receives and aggregates information from logic and data acquisition modules and provides the user with a graphical interface for managing processes. Simulation shows the ability of a system based on such an architecture to meet the timing criteria established for technological processes and interaction with users.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Further work consists of developing specifications for the described modules, formulating requirements for them, performing design, development, manufacturing and testing. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автоматизация сельского хозяйства</kwd><kwd>автоматизированные теплицы</kwd><kwd>автоматизированные системы управления технологическими процессами</kwd><kwd>киберфизические системы</kwd><kwd>умное производство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agricultural automation</kwd><kwd>automated greenhouses</kwd><kwd>automated process control systems</kwd><kwd>cyber-physical systems</kwd><kwd>smart manufacturing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Гранта Президента № MK-5056.2022.1.6.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гиш, Р. А., &amp; Карпенко, Е. Н. (2016). Модернизация и совершенствование управления параметрами микроклимата — основа теплиц V поколения. Научный журнал Кубанского государственного аграрного университета, (9), Статья 129, http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1990–4665- 123–129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosman, S. I., Bilatiu, C. A., &amp; Marţiş, C. S. (2019). Development of an Automated System to Mon-itor and Control a Greenhouse. In 2019 15th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES), 1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левоневский, Д. К., Рябинов, А. В., Жукова, Н. А., &amp; Ковалевский, В. Э. (2023).Автоматизация выращивания агрокультур в стационарном компактном тепличном комплексе с контролируемым микроклиматом на базе гидропонной системы. Моделирование, оптимизация и информационные технологии, 11(1), Статья 029. https:// doi.org/10.26102/2310–6018/2023.40.1.029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diaz, P., &amp; Carrera, R. (2019). IoT components for floriculture automation. In 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), 1-5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CHILECON47746.2019.8988049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишов, О. (2021). Современные средства АСУТП. М.: ИнфраИнженерия.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez Perez, I., &amp; Calderon Godoy, A. J. (2009). Greenhouse automation with programmable controller and decentralized periphery via field bus. In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, pp. 1-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICMECH.2009.4957160</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akkaş M. A., &amp; Sokullu R. (2017). An IoT-based greenhouse monitoring system with Micaz motes. Procedia Computer Science, 113, 603–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. procs.2017.08.300</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harivardhagini, S. (2017). LabVIEW based Greenhouse Automation. CVR Journal of Science and Technology 13, 79-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aytekin, S. A., &amp; Levent, M. L. (2016). Greenhouse Automation using Wireless System.International journal of engineering and computing, 6, Article 2247850.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kachanova, O., &amp; Levonevskiy, D. (2021). Cloud-Based Architecture and Algorithms for Monitoring and Control of an Automated Greenhouse Complex. In CoMeSySo 2021: Data Science and Intelligent Systems, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems book series (LNNS), 231, 910-921. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90321-3_76</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen, X., Jiang, Z., Yang, J., Ren, J., Rao, Y., &amp; Zhang, W. (2023). Data-driven decision support scheme for multiarea light environment control in greenhouse. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 211, Article 108033, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ko, C. C., &amp; Mon. S. S. (2014). Microcontroller based greenhouse automatic control system. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, 3(5), 0865-0870.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosman, S. I., Bilatiu, C. A., &amp; Marţiş, C. S. (2019a). Development of an Automated System to Monitor and Control a Greenhouse. In 2019 15th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES) (Article 18922639). Oradea, Romania. https://doi.org/10.1109/ EMES.2019.8795186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li, H. et al. (2021). Towards automated greenhouse: A state of the art review on greenhouse monitoring methods and technologies based on internet of things. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 191, 106558. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosman, S. I., Bilatiu, C. A., &amp; Marţiş, C. S. (2019b). Development of an Automated System to Monitor and Control a Greenhouse. In 2019 15th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES) (Article 18922639). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ EMES.2019.8795186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicolosi, G., Volpe, R., &amp; Messineo, A. (2017). An innovative adaptive control system to regulate microclimatic conditions in a greenhouse. Energies 10(5), p. 722. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10050722</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diaz, P., &amp; Carrera, R. (2019). IoT components for floriculture automation. In 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ CHILECON47746.2019.8988049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raj. J. S., &amp; Ananthi. J. V. (2019). Automation using IoT in greenhouse environment. Journal of Information Technology 1(01), 38-47. https://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jitdw.2019.1.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez Perez, I., &amp; Calderon Godoy, A. J. (2009). Greenhouse automationwithprogrammable controller and decentralized peripheryvia fieldbus. In2009 IEEEInternational Conference on Mechatronics (Article 19353704). IEEE https://dx.doi. org/10.1109/ICMECH.2009.4957160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saha, T., et al. (2017). Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno. International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business 3(9), p. 1. https://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijieeb.2017.03.01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harivardhagini, S. (2017). LabVIEW based greenhouse automation. CVR Journal of Science and Technology, 13, 79–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Currency.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kachanova, O., &amp; Levonevskiy, D. (2021). Cloud-based architecture and algorithms for monitoring and control of an automated greenhouse complex. In CoMeSySo 2021: Data Science and IntelligentSystems, LectureNotes inNetworks and Systems book series (LNNS) (vol. 231, pp. 910–921). https:// doi.org/10.1007/978–3-030–90321-3_76</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah. N. P., &amp; Bhatt. P. (2017): Greenhouse automation and monitoring system design and implementation. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science. 8(9), 468-471. https://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v8i9.4981</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ko, C. C., &amp; Mon. S. S. (2014). Microcontrollerbased greenhouse automatic control system. International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyResearch, 3(5), 865–870.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivagami, A., et al. (2018). Automated irrigation system for greenhouse monitoring. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 99(2), 183-191. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S40030-018-0264-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li, H., Guo, Y., Zhao, H., Wang, Y., &amp; Chow, D. (2021). Towards automated greenhouse: A state of the art review on greenhouse monitoring methods and technologies based on internet of things. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 191, Article 106558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compag.2021.106558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tangarife, H. I., &amp; Díaz, A. E. (2017). Robotic applications in the automation of agricultural produc-tion under greenhouse: A review. In 2017 IEEE 3rd Colombian Conference on Automatic Control (CCAC), 1-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CCAC.2017.8276478</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maraveas, C., Piromalis, D., Arvanitis, K. G., Bartzanas, T., &amp; Loukatos, D. (2022). Applications of IoT for optimized greenhouse environment and resources management. Computers andElectronics in Agriculture, 198, Article 106993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.106993</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ullah, M. W., et al. (2018). Internet of Things Based Smart Greenhouse: Remote Monitoring and Automatic Control. In DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dteees/iceee2018/27803</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicolosi, G., Volpe, R., &amp; Messineo, A. (2017). An innovative adaptive control system to regulate microclimatic conditions in a greenhouse. Energies 10(5), Article 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050722</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weldeslasie, D. T. et al (2021). Automated Climate Monitoring System: the Case of Greenhouse Industries in Ethiopia. Internet of Things, 15, 100426. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2021.100426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raj, J. S., &amp; Ananthi, J. V. (2019). Automation using IoT in greenhouse environment. Journal ofInformation Technology, 1, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.36548/jitdw.2019.1.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishov, O. (2021). Modern means of automated process control systems. Infra Engineering.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadek, N., Kamal, N., &amp; Shehata, D. (In Press). Internet of Things based smart automated indoor hydroponics and aeroponics greenhouse in Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 102341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102341</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadek, N., Kamal, N., &amp; Shehata, D. (In Press). Internet of Things based smart automated indoor hydroponics and aeroponics greenhouse in Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 102341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102341</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saha, T., Jewel, M. K. H., Mostakim, M. N., Bhuiyan, N. H., Ali, M. S., Rahman, M. K., Ghosh, H. K., Khalid Hossain, M. (2017). Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno. International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 9(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijieeb.2017.03.01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saha, T., Jewel, M. K. H., Mostakim, M. N., Bhuiyan, N. H., Ali, M. S., Rahman, M. K., Ghosh, H. K., Khalid Hossain, M. (2017). Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno. International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 9(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijieeb.2017.03.01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Currency. Shah. N. P., &amp; Bhatt. P. (2017): Greenhouse automation and monitoring system design and implementation. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 8(9), 468–471. https://doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs. v8i9.4981</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Currency. Shah. N. P., &amp; Bhatt. P. (2017): Greenhouse automation and monitoring system design and implementation. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 8(9), 468–471. https://doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs. v8i9.4981</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sivagami, A., Hareeshvare, U., Maheshwar, S., &amp; Venkatachalapathy, V. S. K. (2018). Automated irrigation system for greenhouse monitoring. Journal of The Institution of Engineers, 99(2), 183–191. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ S40030–018-0264–0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivagami, A., Hareeshvare, U., Maheshwar, S., &amp; Venkatachalapathy, V. S. K. (2018). Automated irrigation system for greenhouse monitoring. Journal of The Institution of Engineers, 99(2), 183–191. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ S40030–018-0264–0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tangarife, H. I., &amp; Díaz, A. E. (2017). Robotic applications in the automation of agricultural production under greenhouse: A review. In 2017 IEEE3rd Colombian Conference on Automatic Control (CCAC) (Article 17559075). IEEE. https://doi. org/10.1109/CCAC.2017.8276478</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tangarife, H. I., &amp; Díaz, A. E. (2017). Robotic applications in the automation of agricultural production under greenhouse: A review. In 2017 IEEE3rd Colombian Conference on Automatic Control (CCAC) (Article 17559075). IEEE. https://doi. org/10.1109/CCAC.2017.8276478</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ullah, M. W., Mortuza, M. G., Humayun Kabir, M., &amp; Ahmed, Z. U. (2018). Internet of things based smart greenhouse: Remote monitoring and automatic control. In DEStech transactions on environment, energy and earth sciences. (Article 27803). IEEE. https://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dteees/ iceee2018/27803</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ullah, M. W., Mortuza, M. G., Humayun Kabir, M., &amp; Ahmed, Z. U. (2018). Internet of things based smart greenhouse: Remote monitoring and automatic control. In DEStech transactions on environment, energy and earth sciences. (Article 27803). IEEE. https://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dteees/ iceee2018/27803</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weldeslasie, D. T., Assres, G., Gronli, T.-M., &amp; Ghinea, G. (2021). Automated Climate Monitoring System: the Case of Greenhouse Industries in Ethiopia.Internet of Things, 15, Article 100426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2021.100426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weldeslasie, D. T., Assres, G., Gronli, T.-M., &amp; Ghinea, G. (2021). Automated Climate Monitoring System: the Case of Greenhouse Industries in Ethiopia.Internet of Things, 15, Article 100426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2021.100426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang, G., Zhang, L., Li, X., Gong, Z., &amp; Dong, Y. (2023). An adaptive control method for the covers on the south roof of Chinese solar greenhouses: A case study of insulation blankets. Computers andElectronicsin Agriculture, 209,Article 107861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.107861</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, G., Zhang, L., Li, X., Gong, Z., &amp; Dong, Y. (2023). An adaptive control method for the covers on the south roof of Chinese solar greenhouses: A case study of insulation blankets. Computers andElectronicsin Agriculture, 209,Article 107861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.107861</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
