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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">spfp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Storage and Processing of Farm Products</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9669</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-767X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/spfp.2023.4.420</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">spfp-420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ, МАШИНЫ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES, MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Визуальная оценка состояния  шоколадной массы при помощи  системы технического зрения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Visual Assessment of the State of the Chocolate Mass Using a Vision System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-993X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шибанов</surname><given-names>Эдуард Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shibanov</surname><given-names>Eduard Dmitrievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">shibanoved@mgupp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-680X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благовещенский</surname><given-names>Иван Германович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagoveshchensky</surname><given-names>Ivan Germanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igblagov@mgupp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7859-1117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назойкин</surname><given-names>Евгений Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazoykin</surname><given-names>Evgeny Anatolievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nazojjkinea@mgupp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский биотехнологический  университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>BIOTECH University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский биотехнологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>BIOTECH University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шибанов Э.Д., Благовещенский И.Г., Назойкин Е.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шибанов Э.Д., Благовещенский И.Г., Назойкин Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shibanov E.D., Blagoveshchensky I.G., Nazoykin E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/420">https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/420</self-uri><abstract><sec><title> Введение</title><p> Введение: Вопросы повышения качества пищевой 3D печати шоколадом и шоколадной  глазурью затрагивались во многих современных исследованиях. Большинство работ  посвящены разработке подающих механизмов, систем охлаждения и изменению  состава сырья, однако процесс пищевой 3D печати не рассматривался с точки зрения  автоматизации. В данной работе предлагается оценивать агрегатное состояние верхнего слоя нанесённого материала, для адаптивного управления режимами печати. Корректное  определение текущего состояния нанесённого материала позволит увеличивать или уменьшать скорость печати, влиять на качество изделия и общее время построения  модели. В исследовании были проведены практические эксперименты по охлаждению  шоколадной массы с использованием системы технического зрения. </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Выявить зависимость оттенка нанесённой шоколадной массы от её температуры при естественном охлаждении, для того чтобы оценить возможность использования технического зрения в качестве визуального датчика в системе автоматизированного контроля за процессом 3D печати шоколадной массой. Согласно гипотезе исследования, агрегатное состояние нанесённого материала возможно контролировать при помощи системы технического зрения, на основании изменения его оттенка.    </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: В качестве объекта исследования выступал процесс естественного охлаждения жидкой шоколадной массы (шоколадная глазурь Belgostar и бельгийский шоколад Callebaut). Были проведены практические эксперименты по охлаждению сырья, в результате которых получены числовые данные. Методом анализа и чистки данных были получены отфильтрованные значения, по которым построены графики  зависимости средних цветовых значений каналов: «R», «G», «B» в цветовом пространстве  RGB от температуры и времени охлаждения. Для изучения графиков использовался метод  визуального анализа. Для контроля цветности сырья была использована Web-камера, компьютер и вспомогательное ПО на основе библиотеки OpenCV. Исследованы условия  освещения для проведения визуальной оценки агрегатного состояния шоколада при  помощи Web-камеры. Для проведения эксперимента был использован светорассеиватель  и несколько источников освещения (3000К, 4000К, 5000К).</p></sec><sec><title> Результаты</title><p> Результаты: Выявлена зависимость оттенка нанесённой шоколадной массы от её  температуры при естественном охлаждении. В ходе визуального анализа построенных  графиков установлена тенденция резкого изменения цветности образцов по всем  цветовым каналам «R», «G», «B» в момент начала кристаллизации. Выявлен наиболее информативный цветовой канал - «B», показавший наибольшую амплитуду изменения в момент кристаллизации во всех экспериментах, как для глазури, так и для шоколада. Наибольшее изменение цветности наблюдается при освещении с цветовой температурой 3000К (тёплый свет). </p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Система технического зрения способна зафиксировать изменение цветности шоколадной массы, в процессе её охлаждения. Момент начала кристаллизации шоколадной  массы совпадает с моментом резкого изменения её цветности, что указывает на наличие  взаимозависимости между оттенком шоколадной массы и её агрегатным состоянием.  Для фактического определения момента начала процесса кристаллизации необходимо  провести анализ графика изменения цветности и найти аномальное и нехарактерное  изменение.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: The issues of improving the quality of food 3D printing with chocolate and chocolate glaze have been addressed in many modern studies. Most of the works is devoted to the development of extruders, cooling systems and changes in the composition of raw materials, but the 3D food printing process has not been considered from the point of view of automation. In this work, it is proposed to evaluate the aggregate state of the top layer of the applied material for adaptive control of printing modes. Correct determination of the current state of the material will allow you to increase or decrease the application speed, influence the quality of the product and the overall time of constructing the model. The study conducted practical experiments on cooling chocolate mass using a vision system.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To reveal the dependence of the shade of the applied chocolate mass on its temperature during natural cooling, in order to evaluate the possibility of using technical vision as a visual sensor an automated control system for the process of 3D printing with chocolate mass. According to the research hypothesis, the aggregate state of the applied material can be controlled using a technical vision system, based on changes in its shade.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: The object of the study was the process of natural cooling of liquid chocolate mass (Belgostar chocolate glaze and Belgian Callebaut chocolate). Practical experiments on cooling raw materials were carried out, as a result of which numerical data were obtained. Using the method of data analysis and cleaning, filtered values were obtained, from which graphs were constructed of the dependence of the average color values of the channels: “R”, “G”, “B” in the RGB color space on temperature and cooling time. To study the graphs, the method of visual analysis was used. To control the color of raw materials, a Web camera, a computer and auxiliary software based on the OpenCV library were used. Lighting conditions were studied to conduct a visual assessment of the state of aggregation of chocolate using a Web camera. To conduct the experiment, a light diffuser and several light sources (3000K, 4000K, 5000K) were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The dependence of the shade of the applied material on its temperature during natural cooling was revealed. In the course of visual analysis of the constructed graphs, a tendency was established for a sharp change in the color of the samples in all color channels "R", "G", "B" at the time of the onset of crystallization. The most informative color channel was revealed - "B", which showed the largest amplitude of change at the moment of crystallization in all experiments, both for glaze and for chocolate. The lighting conditions for visual assessment of the state of aggregation of chocolate using a Web camera have been studied. The greatest change in color is observed under illumination with a color temperature of 3000K (warm light).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: The technical vision system is capable of recording a change in the color of the chocolate mass during its cooling: the moment of the beginning of crystallization of the chocolate mass coincides with the moment of a sharp change in its color, which indicates the presence of an interdependence between the shade of the chocolate mass and its state of aggregation. To actually determine the crystallization process begins, it is necessary to analyze the graph of color changes and find an anomalous and uncharacteristic change.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>3D печать</kwd><kwd>шоколад</kwd><kwd>пищевые аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>техническое зрение</kwd><kwd>анализ данных</kwd><kwd>техническое зрение в 3D печати</kwd><kwd>техническое зрение в пищевой промышленности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>chocolate</kwd><kwd>food additive technologies</kwd><kwd>technical vision</kwd><kwd>data analysis</kwd><kwd>technical vision in 3D printing</kwd><kwd>technical vision in the food industry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аднодворцев, А.М., Благовещенский, И.Г., Благовещенский, В.Г.,Носенко, А.С., Веселов, М.В., &amp; Нгонганг, Р.Д. (2022). 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