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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">spfp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Storage and Processing of Farm Products</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9669</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-767X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/spfp.2023.440</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">spfp-440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Киллерные токсины аскомицетовых дрожжей, подавляющие фитопатогенные грибы Botrytis cinerea</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Killer Toxins of Ascomycete Yeast Suppressing Phytopathogenic Fungi Botrytis cinerea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8135-3243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шагалова</surname><given-names>Валерия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shagalova</surname><given-names>Valeria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">shagalovalira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2245-5570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вустин</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vustin</surname><given-names>Mikhail M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vustinmm@genetika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-0585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машенцева</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mashentseva</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">natali-mng@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Биоресурсный центр Всероссийская коллекция&#13;
промышленных микроорганизмов Национального&#13;
исследовательского центра “Курчатовский институт”– ГосНИИгенетика</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Collection of Industrial Microorganisms National BioResource Center (BRC VKPM), “Kurchatov Institute” — GOSNIIGENETIKA National Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шагалова В.А., Вустин М.М., Машенцева Н.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шагалова В.А., Вустин М.М., Машенцева Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shagalova V.A., Vustin M.M., Mashentseva N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/440">https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/440</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Из года в год растет ущерб, причиняемый патогенными микроорганизмами сельскому хозяйству. Использование пестицидов может негативно сказываться на качестве сырья и здоровье потребителей. Односторонний подход в решении данного вопроса не приводит к положительным результатам. Киллерные токсины (КТ) дрожжей представляют значительный интерес для биотехнологии в качестве препаратов, подавляющих активность патогенов.</p></sec><sec><title>Целью</title><p>Целью: данного исследования является проведение скрининга штаммов аскомицетовых дрожжей из коллекции Национального биоресурсного центра Всероссийской коллекции промышленных микроорганизмов НИЦ «Курчатовский институт», проявляющих наибольшую киллерную активность по отношению к фитопатогенным грибам вида Botrytis cinerea, а также определение факторов, влияющих на ее эффективность.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Определение активности КТ проводилось на тонком агаре на полной дрожжевой среде YPD с добавлением 0,5 мл/л 88 % раствора молочной кислоты, pH = 4,5. Значение водородного показателя 4,5 выбрано как оптимальное для большинства исследуемых ранее видов дрожжей. Также проведены тесты при различных значениях pH и температуры. Для поддержания различных температур культивирования дрожжей использовался термостат ТС-1/80 (Смоленское СКТБ СПУ, Смоленск, Россия). Контроль уровня pH производился при помощи индикаторных полосок высокой точности Diversey-MN92110 (Macherey-Nagel, Германия). Для подтверждения видовой принадлежности дрожжей методом микроскопирования использовался микроскоп биологический Микромед 2 (2–20 inf.) (ООО «Наблюдательные приборы», Санкт-Петербург,Россия).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Наибольшие зоны подавления роста Botrytis cinerea показаны для штаммов Schwanniomyces occidentalis Y1-627,Y-1628, Y-1629,Y-1638, Y-1640, Y-1641, Metschnikowia pulcherrima Y-3698. Также небольшие зоны подавления наблюдали у штаммов Cyberlindnera mrakii Y-1211, Wickerhamomyces anomalus Y-201, Y-3836, Y-4562, Y-1182, Debaryomyces hansenii Y-1681. При проведении теста на остальных штаммах действие КТ не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: В настоящем исследовании обнаружены штаммы киллерных дрожжей из коллекции БРЦ ВКПМ, эффективные против Botrytis cinerea F 1006, что имеет потенциальное значение для разработки и использования их в качестве средств биоконтроля.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: The problem of contamination of agricultural crops and plant raw materials by spoilage microorganisms is urgent — the damage caused by them to agriculture is growing from year to year. The use of pesticides can negatively affect the quality of raw materials and the health of consumers. A unilateral approach to solving this issue does not lead to positive results. Yeast killer toxins (KT) are of considerable interest for biotechnology as drugs that suppress the activity of pathogens.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to screen ascomycete yeast strains from the collection of the National Bioresource Center of the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms of the Kurchatov Institute Research Center,which exhibit the greatest killer activity in relation to phytopathogenic fungi of the Botrytis cinerea species, as well as to determine the factors affecting its effectiveness.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: KT activity was determined on a thin agar on a full yeast medium YPD with the addition of 0,5 ml / l of 88% lactic acid solution, pH = 4,5. The value of the hydrogen index 4,5 was chosen as optimal for most of the studied yeast species.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The largest growth suppression zones of Botrytis cinerea were given by Schwanniomyces occidentalis strains Y1-627, Y-1628, Y-1629, Y-1638, Y 1640, Y-1641, Metschnikowia pulcherrima Y-3698. Also small suppression zones were observed in Cyberlindnera mrakii Y-1211, Wickerhamomyces anomalus Y-201, Y-3836, Y-4562, Y-1182, Debaryomyces hansenii Y-1681 strains. During the test on the remaining strains, the effect of CT was not revealed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: In this study, it was found that killer yeasts from the collection of the BRC VKPM are effective against Botrytis cinerea F-1006, which gives the potential for their development and use as means of biocontrol.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>киллерные токсины дрожжей</kwd><kwd>фунгицидные свойства дрожжей</kwd><kwd>фитопатогенные грибы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>yeast killer toxin</kwd><kwd>fungicidal properties of killer yeast</kwd><kwd>phytopathogenic fungi</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке государства в лице Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, Соглашение № 075-15-2021-1053.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baeza, M. 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