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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">spfp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Storage and Processing of Farm Products</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9669</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-767X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/spfp.2023.4.449</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">spfp-449</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРОДУКЦИИ АПК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONTROL OVER QUALITY AND SAFETY OF AGRIBUSINESS PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние метеоусловий вегетационного периода, степени зрелости и температурных режимов хранения на лежкость и качество плодов новых сортов яблони селекции ВНИИСПК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of the Weather Conditions of the Growing Season, Degree of Maturity and Temperature Regimes Storage on the Keeping Quality and Fruit Quality of New Apple Cultivars Bred by VNIISPK</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-6451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Андрей Леонидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>Andrey L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимической и технологической оценки сортов и хранения ФГБНУ ВНИИСПК («Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур»)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitin@orel.vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7979-3426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаркина</surname><given-names>Маргарита Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarkina</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">makarkina@orel.vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин А.Л., Макаркина М.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин А.Л., Макаркина М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin A.L., Makarkina M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/449">https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/449</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Для сохранения высокого качества плодов яблони при хранении важно, чтобы они были собраны в оптимальной съемной степени зрелости, а температурные условия холодильника оптимизированы, дифференцированы и конкретизированы для новых, не изучавшихся ранее сортов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Определение влияния учетных периодов вегетации и различных температурных режимов хранения на лежкость и качество плодов различных сортов яблони с учетом их зрелости при съеме в саду и продолжительности хранения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Анализировали метеоусловия трех учетных периодов вегетации перед съемом плодов в саду в 2021 и 2022 годах (1-й период – цветение – дата съема плодов; 2-й – за месяц до съема; 3-й – за две недели до съема). Изучали лежкость плодов 5-ти новых сортов яблони в зависимости от температурных режимов хранения (+ 2 ºС и – 1 ºС).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Плоды ранней степени зрелости (2022 год) имели лучшую лежкость и меньше страдали от физиологических расстройств (ФР), нежели плоды, более зрелые при съеме (2021 год). Это, наряду с меньшим периодом хранения, сказалось на лучшей лежкости плодов в 2022 году.</p><p>Здоровых плодов по всем сортам было больше в 2022 году – 82,39% (в 2021 году – 69,71%).</p><p>Для сортов Ивановское, Патриот и Рождественское лучшим режимом хранения плодов был – 1°С, для сортов Вавиловское и Министр Киселев – + 2 °С. Режим хранения –1 °С в среднем по сортам был существенно лучшим. Выявлено поражение плодов ФР – 16,7% (общее среднее) и микробиологическими заболеваниями (МЗ) – 7,2%. Режим хранения оказывал существенное влияние на ФР плодов. Напротив, поврежденных МЗ плодов в режиме + 2 °С было меньше, чем в режиме – 1 °С. На основании анализа устойчивости изучаемых сортов к ФР и МЗ плодов разработан относительный коэффициент устойчивости (ОКУ). По степени устойчивости к большинству поражений и повреждений сорта Вавиловское, Ивановское и Рождественское отнесены к группе относительно устойчивых – ОКУ &lt; или = 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Степень зрелости и продолжительность хранения плодов оказывают влияние на выход здоровых плодов по сортам. Причины падения или повышения устойчивости плодов к поражениям и повреждениям во время хранения могут обуславливаться различными условиями, имеющими место как до, так и в процессе их длительного хранения. Все технологические приемы, применяемые, как при уборке плодов в саду, так и в процессе их хранения, должны сводиться к созданию наиболее благоприятных для них условий, обеспечивающих сохранение присущей им устойчивости. Группа исследованных сортов имеет очень короткий период коммерческой реализации. Необходима корректировка температурных условий и продолжительности хранения плодов изучаемых сортов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: To maintain the high quality of apple fruits during storage, it is important that they are collected at an optimal ripeness level, and that the temperature conditions of the refrigerator are optimized, differentiated and specified for new, previously unstudied varieties.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: Determination of the influence of different temperature storage regimes on the keeping quality and quality of fruits of various apple varieties, taking into account their maturity when harvested in the garden and the duration of storage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: We analyzed the weather conditions of three accounting periods of the growing season before harvesting fruits in the garden in 2021 and 2022 (1st period – flowering – date of harvesting; 2nd – a month before harvesting; 3rd – two weeks before harvesting). The keeping quality of fruits of 5 new varieties of apple trees was studied depending on the temperature conditions of storage (+ 2 ºС and – 1 ºС).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Fruits of early maturity (2022) had better keeping quality and suffered less from functional disorders (FDs) than fruits that were more mature at harvest (2021). This, along with a shorter storage period, affected the better keeping quality of fruits in 2022.There were more healthy fruits for all varieties in 2022 – 82.39% (in 2021 – 69.71%). For varieties Ivanovskoye, Patriot and Rozhdestvenskoye, the best fruit storage regime was –1 °C, for varieties Vavilovskoye and Minister Kiselev – + 2 °C. The storage mode of – 1 °C was significantly better on average for the varieties. Fetuses were affected by FDs – 16.7% (general average) and microbiological diseases (MD) – 7.2%. The mode of storage had a significant impact on the FDs of fruits.. On the contrary, there were less damaged fetuses in the mode + 2 °C than in the mode – 1 °C. Based on the analysis of the resistance of the studied varieties to the FDs and MD of fruits, a relative resistance coefficient (RCR) was developed. According to the degree of resistance to most lesions and damages, the varieties Vavilolvskoe, Ivanovskoye and Rozhdestvenskoye are classified as relatively resistant – RCR &lt; or = 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: The degree of maturity and duration of storage of fruits affect the yield of healthy fruits by variety. The reasons for the fall or increase in the resistance of fruits to damage and damage during storage may be due to various conditions that occur both before and during their long-term storage. All technological methods used, both when harvesting fruits in the garden and during their storage, should be reduced to creating the most favorable conditions for them, ensuring the preservation of their inherent stability. The group of studied varieties has a very short period of commercial implementation. It is necessary to adjust the temperature conditions and the duration of storage of the fruits of the studied varieties.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>метеоусловия</kwd><kwd>степень зрелости</kwd><kwd>температура хранения</kwd><kwd>продолжительность хранения</kwd><kwd>функциональные расстройства</kwd><kwd>микробиологические заболевания</kwd><kwd>относительный коэффициент устойчивости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple fruit</kwd><kwd>weather conditions</kwd><kwd>degree of maturity</kwd><kwd>storage temperature</kwd><kwd>storage time</kwd><kwd>functional disorders</kwd><kwd>microbiological diseases</kwd><kwd>relative stability coefficient</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дементьева, М. И., &amp; Выгонский, М. И. (1988). Болезни плодов, овощей и картофеля при хранении. 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