spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2024.2.495spfp-495Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesКомплекс технологий для длительного хранения плодов яблок сорта ГалаComplex of Technologies for Long-Term Storage of Gala Appleshttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-7465-7723ГудковскийВладимир АлександровичGudkovskiyVladimir Alexandrovich

Академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель "Научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда"  ФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"

SPIN-код: 2123-6926

gudkovskiy37@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-2833-1965КожинаЛюдмила ВладимировнаKozhinaLyudmila Vladimirovna

ведущий научный сотрудник научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда  ФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"

SPIN-код 2481-1586

liudmila.kozhina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-1259-0594НазаровЮрий БорисовичNazarovYuri Borisovich

старший научный сотрудник  научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда  ФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"

SPIN-код 3090-8818

nazarov.yuri-fnc.mich@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4467-1434СуторминаАлёна ВладимировнаSutorminaAlena Vladimirovna

научный сотрудник научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда  ФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"

SPIN-код 4605-2213

sutormina.alna@mail.ruФГБНУ "ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина"РоссияFederal Scientific Center named after I.V. MichurinRussian FederationФедеральный научный центр имени И. В. МичуринаРоссияFederal Scientific Center named after I.V. MichurinRussian Federation202405062024322133146Copyright © Гудковский В.А., Кожина Л.В., Назаров Ю.Б., Сутормина А.В., 20242024Гудковский В.А., Кожина Л.В., Назаров Ю.Б., Сутормина А.В.Gudkovskiy V.A., Kozhina L.V., Nazarov Y.B., Sutormina A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/495Введение

Введение: Обеспечение населения свежими качественными плодами в течение круглого года – это одна из базовых составляющих концепции здорового питания и приоритетное направление исследований по хранению плодов яблони. Сорт Гала пользуется круглогодичным спросом среди населения благодаря высоким потребительским качествам. Существующие технологии хранения в обычной (ОА) и регулируемой атмосфере (УЛО) обеспечивают продление сроков хранения плодов различных сортов до 5-7 месяцев, влияние динамичной регулируемой атмосферы (ДРА) на продолжительность хранения сорта Гала в России – не изучено. 

Цель

Цель: изучить влияние 4-х существующих (ОА-контроль, ОА+1-МЦП, УЛО-контроль, УЛО+1-МЦП) и 2-х инновационных технологий хранения плодов (ДРА-контроль, ДРА+1-МЦП) на лежкоспособность плодов яблони сорта Гала для разработки системы круглогодичного хранения плодов.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Объектом исследования служили плоды яблони сорта Гала, часть плодов обрабатывали 1-МЦП, контрольные и обработанные партии хранили в условиях ОА, УЛО и ДРА, определяли этилен, твердость, потери от заболеваний и повреждений и др.

Результаты

Результаты: Низкий уровень кислорода в атмосфере хранения УЛО и ДРА существенно снижает метаболизм плодов, продлевает сроки хранения при достаточном уровне сохранения качества (твердости), обеспечивает снижение потерь, либо ингибирование развития многих физиологических заболеваний, в т.ч. подкожной пятнистости, по сравнению с условиями хранения в ОА. Условия ДРА обеспечивают продление сроков хранения на 2-3 месяца, по сравнению с УЛО, технология может быть использована при органическом производстве. Технология ДРА+1-МЦП обеспечивает продление сроков хранения до 10 месяцев и более.

Выводы

Выводы: Дифференцированное использование 6 различных технологий хранения (ОА-контроль, ОА+1-МЦП, УЛО-контроль, УЛО+1-МЦП, ДРА-контроль, ДРА+1-МЦП) определяет возможность обеспечения регулярных поставок плодов сорта Гала в торговые сети на протяжении 10 месяцев и более.

Introduction

Introduction: High-quality fresh fruits all year round is one of the basic components of the concept of healthy nutrition and a priority area of research on the storage of apple fruits. Apple fruits cv. Gala are in year-round demand among the population due to its high consumer qualities. Existing storage technologies in regular (RA) and controlled (ULO) atmosphere provide an extension of storage time of fruits of various cultivars up to 5–7 months; the influence of a dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) on the duration of storage of apple fruits cv. Gala has not been studied in Russia.

Purpose

Purpose: to study the influence of 4 existing (RA-control, RA+1-MCP, ULO-control, ULO+1-MCP) and 2 innovative fruit storage technologies (DCA-control, DCA+1-MCP) on the storability of apple fruits cv. Gala to develop a system for year-round fruit storage.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: The apple fruits cv. Gala were the object of the study; some of the fruits were treated with 1-MCP, control and treated lots were stored under RA, ULO and DCA conditions; ethylene content, fruit firmness, losses from diseases, etc. were determined.

Results

Results: A low level of oxygen in the storage atmosphere of ULO and DCA significantly reduces the metabolism of fruits, extends storage period with a sufficient level of quality preservation (firmness), reduces or inhibits losses from many physiological diseases, including bitter pit, compared with RA storage conditions. DCA conditions provide an extension of storage duration by 2–3 months, compared to ULO; the technology can be used in organic production. The DCA+1-MCP technology ensures an extension of effective storage period to 10 months or more.

Conclusion

Conclusion: The differentiated use of 6 different storage technologies (RA, RA+1-MCP, ULO, ULO+1-MCP, DCA, DCA+1-MCP) determines the possibility of ensuring regular supplies of apple fruits cv. Gala to retail chains throughout 10 months or more.

плоды яблониГала1-МЦПОАУЛОДРАapple fruitsGala1-MCPRAULODCAmetabolismfruit firmnessphysiological diseasesReferencesГудковский, В. А. (1978). Длительное хранение плодов. Алма-Ата: «Кайнар».Argenta, L.C., Wood, R.M., Mattheis, J.P., Thewes, F.R., Nesi, C.N., & Neuwald, D.A. (2023). Factors affecting development of disorders expressed after storage of ‘Gala’apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 204, 112439.Гудковский, В. А., Кожина, Л. В., Балакирев, А. Е., & Назаров, Ю. Б. (2019a). Новая технология защиты плодов яблони от подкожной пятнистости и других физиологических заболеваний при хранении. Садоводство и виноградарство, (4), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2019-4-37-44Bessemans, N., Verboven, P., Verlinden, B., & Nicolaï, B. (2016). A novel type of dynamic controlled atmosphere storage based on the respiratory quotient (RQ-DCA). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 115, 91–102.Гудковский, В. А., Кожина, Л. В., Гучева, Р. Б., Сутормина, А. В., & Назаров, Ю. Б. (2020a). Качество плодов районированных и перспективных сортов СКФО в условиях РА. Вестник Мичуринского государственного аграрного университета, 2(61), 6-13.Both, V., Thewes, F. R., Brackmann, A., de Oliveira Anese, R., de Freitas Ferreira, D., & Wagner, R. (2017). Effects of dynamic controlled atmosphere by respiratory quotient on some quality parameters and volatile profile of ‘Royal Gala’apple after long-term storage. Food chemistry, 215, 483-492.Гудковский, В. А., Кожина, Л. В., Назаров, Ю. Б., Балакирев, А. Е., & Гучева, Р. Б. (2019b). Высокоточные технологии хранения плодов яблони – основа обеспечения их качества (достижения, задачи на перспективу). Достижения науки и техники АПК, 33(2), 61-67. https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10215DeEll, J. R., Lum, G. B., Mostofi, Y., & Lesage, S. K. (2022). Timing of ethylene inhibition affects internal browning and quality of ‘Gala’apples in long-term low oxygen storage. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 914441.DeLong, J. M., Prange, R. K., & Harrison, P. A. (2004). The influence of 1-methylcyclopropene on ‘Cortland' and ‘McIntosh' apple quality following long-term storage. Hortscience, 39(5), 1062–1065.DeLong, J. M., Prange, R. K., & Harrison, P. A. (2004). The influence of 1-methylcyclopropene on ‘Cortland' and ‘McIntosh' apple quality following long-term storage. Hortscience, 39(5), 1062–1065.Гудковский, В. А., Кожина, Л. В., Сутормина, А. В., & Назаров, Ю. Б. (2020b). Достижения, проблемы длительного хранения плодов яблони и новые возможности их решения (обзор). Современное состояние садоводства Российской Федерации, проблемы отрасли и пути их решения (с. 126-140). Тамбов: ООО «ТПС».de Freitas, S.T. (2019). Postharvest physiological disorders in fruits and vegetables. CRC Press, 824 р.Дементьева, М. И., & Выгонский, М. И. (1988). Болезни плодов, овощей и картофеля при хранении. Москва: Агропроиздат.Forsline, P.L., Aldwinckle, H.S., Dickson, E.E., Luby, J.J., & Hokanson, S. (2003). Collection, maintenance, characterization and utilization of wild apples of Central Asia. In: Janick, J., Forsline, P., Dickscon, E., Way, R., Thompson, M. (Eds.), Wild Apple and Fruit Trees of Central Asia, Hortic. Rev., 1–61.Доспехов, Б. А. (1979). Методика полевого опыта (изд. 4-е, перераб. и доп.). Москва: Колос.Gasser, F., Eppler, T., Naunheim, W., Gabioud, S. & Bozzi Nising, A. (2010). Dynamic CA storage of apples: monitoring of the critical oxygen concentration and adjustment of optimum conditions during oxygen reduction. Acta Hort., 876, 39-46.Кудряшова, А. А. (1986). Микробиологические основы сохранения плодов и овощей. Москва: Агропромиздат.Generic Starch-Iodine Index Chart for Apples [Электронный ресурс] https://blog-fruit-vegetable-ipm.extension.umn.edu/2018/08/check-apple-ripeness-with-starch-iodine.htmlМорозова, Н. П. (1980). Спектрофотометрическое определение содержания α-фарнезена и продуктов его окисления в растительном материале. В Биохимические методы (cс. 107-112). Москва: Наука.Mattheis, J.P. Rudell, D.R., & Hanrahan, I. (2017). Impacts of 1-methylcyclopropene and controlled atmosphere established during conditioning on development of bitter pit in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. Hortscience, 52(1), 132–137.Ракитин, В. Ю. (1986). Определение газообмена и содержания этилена, двуокиси углерода и кислорода в тканях растений. В Физиология растений (т. 33, вып. 2, с. 403-413). Москва: Наука.Mditshwa, A., Fawole, O.A., & Opara, U.L. (2018). Recent developments on dynamic controlled atmosphere storage of apples—A review. Food packaging and shelf life, 16, 59-68.Франчук, Е. П. (1986). Товарные качества плодов. Москва: Агропромиздат.Musacchi, S., & Serra, S. (2018). Apple fruit quality: Overview on pre-harvest factors. Scientia Horticulturae, 234, 409-430.Adams, D. O., & Yang, S. (1979). Ethylene biosynthesis: identification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as an intermediate in the conversion of methionine to ethylene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 76(1), 170-174. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.1.170Prange, R.K., DeLong, J.M. and Wright, A.H. (2011). Storage of pears using dynamic controlled-atmosphere (DCA), a non-chemical method. Acta Hort., 909, 707-717.Alsmairat, N., Contreras, C., Hancock, J., Callow, P., & Beaudry, R. (2011). Use of combinations of commercially relevant O2 and CO2 partial pressures to evaluate the sensitivity of nine highbush blueberry fruit cultivars to controlled atmospheres. Horticultural Science 46, 74–79. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.1.74Prange, R., Wright, A., DeLong, J., & Zanella, A. (2013). A review on the successful adoption of dynamic controlled-atmosphere (DCA) storage as a replacement for diphenylamine (DPA), the chemical used for control of superficial scald in apples and pears. XI international controlled and modified atmosphere research conference, 1071, 389–396.Argenta, L.C., Wood, R.M., Mattheis, J.P., Thewes, F.R., Nesi, C.N., & Neuwald, D.A. (2023). Factors affecting development of disorders expressed after storage of ‘Gala’ apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 204, 112439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112439Saltveit, M. E. (2003). Is it possible to find an optimal controlled atmosphere? Postharvest Biol. Technol., 27(1), 3-13.Bessemans, N., Verboven, P., Verlinden, B., &Nicolaï, B. (2016). A novel type of dynamic controlled atmosphere storage based on the respiratory quotient (RQ-DCA). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 115, 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.12.019Schultz, E. E., Thewes, F. R., Wendt, L. M., Brackmann, A., Both, V., Ludwig, V., ... & Wagner, R. (2023). Extremely low oxygen with different hysteresis and dynamic controlled atmosphere storage: Impact on overall quality and volatile profile of ‘Maxi Gala’apple. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 205, 112527.Both, V., Thewes, F. R., Brackmann, A., de Oliveira Anese, R., de Freitas Ferreira, D., & Wagner, R. (2017). Effects of dynamic controlled atmosphere by respiratory quotient on some quality parameters and volatile profile of ‘Royal Gala’ apple after long-term storage. Food Сhemistry, 215, 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.009Stanger, M. C., Steffens, C. A., Soethe, C., Moreira, M. A., do Amarante, C. V. T., Both, V., & Brackmann, A. (2018). Phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of ‘Galaxy’apples stored in dynamic controlled atmosphere and ultralow oxygen conditions. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 144, 70-76.DeEll, J. R., Lum, G. B., Mostofi, Y., & Lesage, S. K. (2022). Timing of ethylene inhibition affects internal browning and quality of ‘Gala’ apples in long-term low oxygen storage. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 914441. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.914441Thewes, F. R., Both, V., Brackmann, A., Weber, A., & de Oliveira Anese, R. (2015). Dynamic controlled atmosphere and ultralow oxygen storage on ‘Gala’mutants quality maintenance. Food Chemistry, 188, 62-70.DeLong, J. M., Prange, R. K., & Harrison, P. A. (2004). The influence of 1-methylcyclopropene on ‘Cortland' and ‘McIntosh' apple quality following long-term storage. Hortscience, 39(5), 1062–1065. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.5.1062Thewes, F. R., Brackmann, A., de Oliveira Anese, R., Ludwig, V., Schultz, E. E., & Berghetti, M. R. P. (2018). 1-methylcyclopropene suppresses anaerobic metabolism in apples stored under dynamic controlled atmosphere monitored by respiratory quotient. Scientia Horticulturae, 227, 288-295.De Freitas S. T. & Mitcham, E. I. (2012). Factors Involved in Fruit Calcium Deficiency Disorders. Horticultural reviews, 40, 107 -146. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118351871Thewes, F.R., Brackmann, A., & Neuwald, D.A. (2019). Dynamics of sugars, anaerobic metabolism enzymes and metabolites in apples stored under dynamic controlled atmosphere. Scientia Horticulturae, 255, 145-152.De Freitas, S. T., & Pareek, S. (2019). Postharvest physiological disorders in fruits and vegetables. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Tran, D. T., Verlinden, B. E., Hertog, M., & Nicolaï, B. M. (2015). Monitoring of extremely low oxygen control atmosphere storage of ‘Greenstar’apples using chlorophyll fluorescence. Scientia Horticulturae, 184, 18-22.Fernández, V., Guzmán-Delgado, P., Graça, J., Santos, S., and Gil, L. 2016. Cuticle structure in relation to chemical composition: re-assessing the prevailing model. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, 427. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00427Weber, A., Neuwald, D. A., Kittemann, D., Thewes, F. R., Both, V., & Brackmann, A. (2020). Influence of respiratory quotient dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA–RQ) and ethanol application on softening of Braeburn apples. Food chemistry, 303, 125346.Forsline, P. L., Aldwinckle, H. S., Dickson, E. E., Luby, J. J., & Hokanson, S. (2003). Collection, maintenance, characterization and utilization of wild apples of Central Asia. Horticultural Reviews, 29, 1-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650868Forsline, P. L., Aldwinckle, H. S., Dickson, E. E., Luby, J. J., & Hokanson, S. (2003). Collection, maintenance, characterization and utilization of wild apples of Central Asia. Horticultural Reviews, 29, 1-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650868Gasser, F., Eppler, T., Naunheim, W., Gabioud, S. & Bozzi Nising, A. (2010). Dynamic CA storage of apples: Monitoring of the critical oxygen concentration and adjustment of optimum conditions during oxygen reduction. Acta Horticulturae, 876, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.876.3Gasser, F., Eppler, T., Naunheim, W., Gabioud, S. & Bozzi Nising, A. (2010). Dynamic CA storage of apples: Monitoring of the critical oxygen concentration and adjustment of optimum conditions during oxygen reduction. Acta Horticulturae, 876, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.876.3Lurie, S. & Watkins, C. B. (2012). Superficial scald, its etiology and control, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 65, 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.11.001Lurie, S. & Watkins, C. B. (2012). Superficial scald, its etiology and control, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 65, 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.11.001Mattheis, J. P., Rudell, D. R. & Hanrahan, I. (2017). Impacts of 1-methylcyclopropene and controlled atmosphere established during conditioning on development of bitter pit in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. Hortscience, 52(1), 132–137. https://doi.org/10.21273/HoRTSCI11368-16Mattheis, J. P., Rudell, D. R. & Hanrahan, I. (2017). Impacts of 1-methylcyclopropene and controlled atmosphere established during conditioning on development of bitter pit in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. Hortscience, 52(1), 132–137. https://doi.org/10.21273/HoRTSCI11368-16Mditshwa, A., Fawole, O. A., & Opara, U. L. (2018). Recent developments on dynamic controlled atmosphere storage of apples - A review. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 16, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.01.011Mditshwa, A., Fawole, O. A., & Opara, U. L. (2018). Recent developments on dynamic controlled atmosphere storage of apples - A review. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 16, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.01.011Meitha, K., Pramesti, Y. & Suhandono, S. (2020). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in postharvest vegetables and fruits. International Journal of Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8817778Meitha, K., Pramesti, Y. & Suhandono, S. (2020). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in postharvest vegetables and fruits. International Journal of Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8817778Musacchi, S., & Serra, S. (2018). Apple fruit quality: Overview on pre-harvest factors. Scientia Horticulturae, 234, 409-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.057Musacchi, S., & Serra, S. (2018). Apple fruit quality: Overview on pre-harvest factors. Scientia Horticulturae, 234, 409-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.057Paull, R. E. (1999). Effect of temperature and relative humidity on flesh commodity quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15, 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(98)00090-8Paull, R. E. (1999). Effect of temperature and relative humidity on flesh commodity quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15, 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(98)00090-8Prange, R. K., DeLong, J. M., & Wright, A. H. (2011). Storage of pears using dynamic controlled-atmosphere (DCA), a non-chemical method. Acta Horticulturae, 909, 707-717. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.909.87Prange, R. K., DeLong, J. M., & Wright, A. H. (2011). Storage of pears using dynamic controlled-atmosphere (DCA), a non-chemical method. Acta Horticulturae, 909, 707-717. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.909.87Prange, R., Wright, A., DeLong, J., & Zanella, A. (2013). A review on the successful adoption of dynamic controlled-atmosphere (DCA) storage as a replacement for diphenylamine (DPA), the chemical used for control of superficial scald in apples and pears. Acta Horticulturae, 1071, 389–396. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1071.50Prange, R., Wright, A., DeLong, J., & Zanella, A. (2013). A review on the successful adoption of dynamic controlled-atmosphere (DCA) storage as a replacement for diphenylamine (DPA), the chemical used for control of superficial scald in apples and pears. Acta Horticulturae, 1071, 389–396. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1071.50Saltveit, M. E. (2003). Is it possible to find an optimal controlled atmosphere? Postharvest Biology and Technology, 7(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00184-9Saltveit, M. E. (2003). Is it possible to find an optimal controlled atmosphere? Postharvest Biology and Technology, 7(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00184-9Schultz, E. E., Thewes, F. R., Wendt, L. M., Brackmann, A., Both, V., Ludwig, V., Thewes, Fl. R., Soldateli, F. J., & Wagner, R. (2023). Extremely low oxygen with different hysteresis and dynamic controlled atmosphere storage: Impact on overall quality and volatile profile of ‘Maxi Gala’ apple. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 205, 112527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112527Schultz, E. E., Thewes, F. R., Wendt, L. M., Brackmann, A., Both, V., Ludwig, V., Thewes, Fl. R., Soldateli, F. J., & Wagner, R. (2023). Extremely low oxygen with different hysteresis and dynamic controlled atmosphere storage: Impact on overall quality and volatile profile of ‘Maxi Gala’ apple. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 205, 112527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112527Thewes, F. R., Both, V., Brackmann, A., Weber, A., & de Oliveira Anese, R. (2015). Dynamic controlled atmosphere and ultralow oxygen storage on ‘Gala’ mutants quality maintenance. Food Chemistry, 188, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.128Thewes, F. R., Both, V., Brackmann, A., Weber, A., & de Oliveira Anese, R. (2015). Dynamic controlled atmosphere and ultralow oxygen storage on ‘Gala’ mutants quality maintenance. Food Chemistry, 188, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.128Thewes, F. R., Brackmann, A., & Neuwald, D. A. (2019). Dynamics of sugars, anaerobic metabolism enzymes and metabolites in apples stored under dynamic controlled atmosphere. Scientia Horticulturae, 255, 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.05.027Thewes, F. R., Brackmann, A., & Neuwald, D. A. (2019). Dynamics of sugars, anaerobic metabolism enzymes and metabolites in apples stored under dynamic controlled atmosphere. Scientia Horticulturae, 255, 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.05.027Thewes, F. R., Brackmann, A., de Oliveira Anese, R., Ludwig, V., Schultz, E. E., & Berghetti, M. R. P. (2018). 1-methylcyclopropene suppresses anaerobic metabolism in apples stored under dynamic controlled atmosphere monitored by respiratory quotient. Scientia Horticulturae, 227, 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.09.028Thewes, F. R., Brackmann, A., de Oliveira Anese, R., Ludwig, V., Schultz, E. E., & Berghetti, M. R. P. (2018). 1-methylcyclopropene suppresses anaerobic metabolism in apples stored under dynamic controlled atmosphere monitored by respiratory quotient. Scientia Horticulturae, 227, 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.09.028Tran, D. T., Verlinden, B. E., Hertog, M., & Nicolaï, B. M. (2015). Monitoring of extremely low oxygen control atmosphere storage of ‘Greenstar’ apples using chlorophyll fluorescence. Scientia Horticulturae, 184, 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.11.014Tran, D. T., Verlinden, B. E., Hertog, M., & Nicolaï, B. M. (2015). Monitoring of extremely low oxygen control atmosphere storage of ‘Greenstar’ apples using chlorophyll fluorescence. Scientia Horticulturae, 184, 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.11.014Thompson, A. K., Prange, R. K., Bancroft, R., & Puttongsiri, T. (2018). Controlled atmosphere storage of fruit and vegetables. 3rd edition. Boston: CABI.Thompson, A. K., Prange, R. K., Bancroft, R., & Puttongsiri, T. (2018). Controlled atmosphere storage of fruit and vegetables. 3rd edition. Boston: CABI.Tromp, J., Webster, A. D. & Wertheim, S. J. (2005). Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.Tromp, J., Webster, A. D. & Wertheim, S. J. (2005). Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.Weber, A., Neuwald, D. A., Kittemann, D., Thewes, F. R., Both, V., & Brackmann, A. (2020). Influence of respiratory quotient dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA–RQ) and ethanol application on softening of Braeburn apples. Food Сhemistry, 303, 125346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125346Weber, A., Neuwald, D. A., Kittemann, D., Thewes, F. R., Both, V., & Brackmann, A. (2020). Influence of respiratory quotient dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA–RQ) and ethanol application on softening of Braeburn apples. Food Сhemistry, 303, 125346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125346

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.