spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2023.4.515spfp-515Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫBIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTSРизобактерии для снижения биотического стресса яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), вызванного фитопатогенными грибамиRhizobacteria for Reducing Biotic Stress in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Caused by Phytopathogenic Fungihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3529СеразетдиноваЮлия РенатовнаSerazetdinovaYuliya Renatovna

Аспирант 1го года обучения, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории фиторемедиации техногенно нарушенных экосистем Кемеровского государственного университета. SPIN 4510-4135

serazetdinova2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0258ФотинаНаталья ВячеславовнаFotinaNatalya Vyacheslavovna

Аспирант 3-го года обучения, младший научный сотрудник Лаборатории фиторемедиации посттехногенных ландшафтов, ассистент кафедры Бионанотехнологии Кемеровского государственного университета. SPIN 5500-7190

fotina.natashenka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-8197АсякинаЛюдмила КонстантиновнаAsyakinaLyudmila Konstantinovna

Доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры бионанотехнологии , заведующий лаборатории фиторемедиации техногенно нарушенных экосистем Кемеровского государственного университета.  SPIN 4479-3384

alk_kem@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-562XМилентьеваИрина СергеевнаMilentyevaIrina Sergeevna

Доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедры бионанотехнологии Кемеровского государственного университета. SPIN 8227-2844

irazumnikova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-3196ПросековАлександр ЮрьевичProsekovAlexander Yurievich

Доктор технических наук, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор кафедры бионанотехнологии Кемеровского государственного университета. SPIN 5203-5725

rector@kemsu.ruКемеровский государственный университетРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian Federation2023311220230498113Copyright © Серазетдинова Ю.Р., Фотина Н.В., Асякина Л.К., Милентьева И.С., Просеков А.Ю., 20232023Серазетдинова Ю.Р., Фотина Н.В., Асякина Л.К., Милентьева И.С., Просеков А.Ю.Serazetdinova Y.R., Fotina N.V., Asyakina L.K., Milentyeva I.S., Prosekov A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/515Ведение

Ведение: Урожайность пшеницы в значительной степени зависит от фитопатогенной нагрузки почв и семенного материала. В сложных климатических условиях Кузбасса актуален поиск биологических средств защиты пшеницы для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности региона.

Цель исследования – оценить ростостимулирующие свойства и антагонистическую активность бактериальных изолятов ризосферы пшеницы, и отобрать перспективные варианты для создания коммерческих препаратов биофунгицидной направленности.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Для выделения перспективных штаммов ризобактерий использовали последовательное культивирование ризосферы пшеницы на безазотистой питательной среде, на среде с труднорастворимым соединением фосфора и на среде с низким содержанием питательных элементов. Для отбора репрезентативных изолятов исследовали индекс всхожести семян; способность к фиксации азота и солюбилизации фосфора. Для изолятов, характеризующихся высокой активностью, исследовали способность синтезировать фитогормоны спектрофотометрическим методом и антагонистическую активность в отношении фитопатогенов методом агаровых блоков. Идентификацию перспективных ризобактерий осуществляли по биохимическим признакам. Исследование влияния бактериальных изолятов на рост и развитие пшеницы в условиях биотического стресса осуществляли согласно общепринятым методикам.

Результаты

Результаты: : В ходе исследования выделили 17 изолятов, 2 из которых характеризовались максимальной активность по ростостимулирующим и антагонистическим показателям. Биохимическая идентификация показала, что ими являлись Bacillus velezensis и Pantoea ananatis. Для Bacillus velezensis характерны следующие ростостимулирующие свойства: фиксация азота (850 мкг/мл), солюбилизация фосфора (1,60 см), индекс всхожести (1,26), синтез индолил-3-уксусной кислоты (8,16 мг/мл), гиббереллиновой кислоты (366,90 мкг/мл) и кинетина (11,86 мкг/мл). Штамм Pantoea ananatis проявлял следующие ростостимулирующие свойства: фиксация азота (80 мкг/мл), солюбилизация фосфора (2,00 см), индекс всхожести (1,19) синтез индолил-3-уксусной кислоты (9,00 мг/мл), гиббереллиновой кислоты (346,20 мкг/мл) и кинетина (6,28 мкг/мл). Штаммы обладали высокой антагонистической активностью в отношении фитопатогенных грибов Fusarium graminearum F-877, Botrytis cinerea F-1006, Bipolaris sorokiniana F-529. Испытания штаммов на зараженных фитопатогенами семенах пшеницы показали, что они успешно снижают биотический стресс растений. 

Выводы

Выводы: Перспективно дальнейшее использование штаммов в качестве агентов биологического контроля для разработки комплексных препаратов, направленных на улучшение питания пшеницы.

Introduction

Introduction: Wheat is an important agricultural crop. Its yield largely depends on the phytopathogenic load of soils and seed material. In the difficult climatic conditions of Kuzbass, the search for biological means of protecting wheat is relevant to ensure food security in the region.

Purpose

Purpose: of the study is to evaluate the growth stimulating properties and antagonistic activity of bacterial isolates of the wheat rhizosphere, and to select promising options for the creation of commercial biofungicidal preparations.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: To isolate promising strains of rhizobacteria, we used sequential cultivation of the wheat rhizosphere on a nitrogen-free nutrient medium, on a medium with a sparingly soluble phosphorus compound, and on a medium with a low content of nutrients. To select representative isolates, the seed germination index was examined; ability to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorus. For isolates characterized by high activity, the ability to synthesize phytohormones was studied using the spectrophotometric method and antagonistic activity against phytopathogens using the agar block method. Identification of promising rhizobacteria was carried out based on biochemical characteristics. The study of the effect of bacterial isolates on the growth and development of wheat under biotic stress conditions was carried out according to generally accepted methods.

Results

Results: : During the study, 17 isolates were isolated, 2 of which were characterized by maximum activity in terms of growth-stimulating and antagonistic indicators. Biochemical identification showed that they were Bacillus velezensis and Pantoea ananatis. Bacillus velezensis is characterized by the following growth-stimulating properties: nitrogen fixation (850 μg/ml), phosphorus solubilization (1.60 cm), germination index (1.26), synthesis of indolyl-3-acetic acid (8.16 mg/ml), gibberellic acid (366.90 µg/ml) and kinetin (11.86 µg/ml). The Pantoea ananatis strain exhibited the following growth-stimulating properties: nitrogen fixation (80 μg/ml), phosphorus solubilization (2.00 cm), germination index (1.19), synthesis of indolyl-3-acetic acid (9.00 mg/ml), gibberellic acid acid (346.20 µg/ml) and kinetin (6.28 µg/ml). The strains had high antagonistic activity against the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum F-877, Botrytis cinerea F-1006, Bipolaris sorokiniana F-529. Testing of the strains on wheat seeds infected with phytopathogens showed that they successfully reduce plant biotic stress.

Conclusions

Conclusions: The further use of strains as biological control agents for the development of complex preparations aimed at improving wheat nutrition is promising.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.