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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">spfp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Storage and Processing of Farm Products</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9669</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-767X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/spfp.2024.3.538</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">spfp-538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ СЕЛЬХОЗПРОДУКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FARM PRODUCTS STORAGE AND PROCESSING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение показателей качества черешни из Дагестана в зависимости от способов её замораживания, сроков хранения и сортовой принадлежности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Change in Quality Indicators of Sweet Cherries from Dagestan Depending on Its Freezing Methods, Shelf life and Variability</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-5100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусейнова</surname><given-names>Батуч Мухтаровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseynova</surname><given-names>Batuch Mukhtarovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник, заведующая отделом плодоовощеводства и переработки ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Республики Дагестан»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batuch@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Республики Дагестан» (ФГБНУ «ФАНЦ РД»), г. Махачкала, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan Agriculture Science Center,   Makhachkala, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусейнова Б.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусейнова Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guseynova B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/538">https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/538</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Плоды черешни (Prunus avium L.) ценятся за богатый нутриентный состав и высокие товарно-потребительские качества, но относятся к скоропортящимся продуктам. В связи с этим разработка научно обоснованной стратегии длительного низкотемпературного хранения черешни без существенного изменения её полезных свойств и способствующей решению проблемы круглогодичного обеспечения населения ею, является актуальной задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Изучить влияние различных режимов и способов замораживания (замораживание россыпью в воздушной среде (ВС) при t= –30; –33 и –35 °С; замораживание погружением в ЖХ при t= –24 °С) и сроков холодильного хранения (3, 9 и 12 месяцев) при t= –24 °С на сохранность исходных физико-химических и органолептических свойств плодов черешни в сортовом разрезе для разработки системы круглогодичного хранения черешни.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Исследовались плоды черешни сортов Валерий Чкалов, Гудзон, Крупноплодная, Полянка, Буйнакская черная, Дагестанка, Жемчужная и Лезгинка, собранные в экспериментальных насаждениях Дагестанской селекционной опытной станции плодовых культур. Содержание пектинов и витамина Р в черешне определяли химическими методами, а потерю сока – по разности массы замороженных и размороженных плодов. Дегустационную оценку давали по 5-ти балльной шкале. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Наиболее оптимальными и экономически эффективными способами низкотемпературного консервирования черешни, изучаемых сортов, обеспечивающими хорошую сохранность физико-химических свойств плодов, оказались: замораживание в ВС при t=–33°С и погружением в ЖХ при t=–24°С. Снижение массовых концентраций витамина Р и пектинов в черешне  после  заморозки в ВС при t=–33°С и погружением в ЖХ при t=–24°С, по сравнению с замораживанием в ВС при t=–35°С, составило 2,2-2,9 %, разница в потере сока 0,3-0,9 %. Сохранность пектинов в плодах после 12 месяцев холодильного хранения зависела от сорта, способов замораживания и составила: 83,7 (Жемчужная) - 89,0 % (Дагестанка) (ВС) и 84,4 (Жемчужная) - 88,2 % (Дагестанка) (ЖХ), а витамина Р 88,6 (Жемчужная) - 92,9% (Лезгинка) (ВС) и 85,5 (Жемчужная) - 90,8% (Дагестанка) (ЖХ). К концу эксперимента наиболее высокие общие дегустационные оценки (4,4-4,7 балла) получили плоды черешни сортов Дагестанка, Валерий Чкалов и Лезгинка, оказавшиеся лучшими по влагоудерживающей способности, сохранности витамина Р и пектинов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Полученные данные послужат исходным ориентиром для использования в технологиях низкотемпературного консервирования черешни с учетом сортовых особенностей и с позиции сохранения на хорошем уровне ее исходных физико-химических и органолептических характеристик.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Sweet сherries (Prunus avium L.) are valued for their rich nutrient composition and high consumer qualities, but are perishable products. In this regard, the development of a scientifically based strategy for long-term low-temperature storage of sweet cherries without a significant change in its useful properties and contributing to solving the problem of year-round provision of the population with it is an urgent task.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: Study the effect of various freezing modes and methods (freezing in bulk in the air (BC) at t = -30; -33 and -35 ° С; freezing by immersion in LC at t = -24 ° C) and refrigeration storage periods (3, 9 and 12 months) at t = -24 ° C for preservation of initial physicochemical and organoleptic properties of sweet cherry fruits in long section for development of a system of year-round sweet cherry storage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: Sweet cherry fruits of varieties Bujnakskaja chernaja, Valerij Chkalov, Gudzon, Dagestanka, Zhemchuzhnaja, Krupnoplodnaja, Lezginka and Poljanka, collected in experimental plantations of the Dagestan selection experimental station of fruit crops, were studied. The content of pectins and vitamin P in the sweet cherry was determined by chemical methods, and the loss of juice was determined by the difference in mass of frozen and thawed fruits. The tasting score was given on a 5-point scale. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The most optimal and cost-effective methods of low-temperature preservation of the studied varieties of sweet cherries, ensuring good preservation of the physicochemical properties of fruits, turned out to be freezing in the AE at t=-33°C and immersion in LC at t=-24°C. The decrease in mass concentrations of vitamin P and pectin substances in fruits after their freezing in the AE at t=-33 ° C and immersion in LC at t=-24°C compared to the content in the sweet cherry frozen in the AE at t=-35 ° C was 2.2-2.9 %, while the difference in juice loss was insignificant – 0.3-0.9%. The safety of pectins in fruits by the end of 12 months of cold storage depended on the variety and methods of freezing and amounted to: 83.7 (Pearl) - 89.0% (Dagestanka) (AE) and 84.4 (Zhemchuzhnaja) - 88.2% (Dagestanka) (LC), and vitamin P - 88.6 (Zhemchuzhnaja) - 92.9% (Lezginka) (AE) and 85.5 (Zhemchuzhnaja) - 90.8% (Dagestanka) (LC). By the end of the experiment, the highest overall tasting ratings (4.4-4.7 points) were received by the fruits of sweet cherries of the varieties Dagestanka, Valerij Chkalov and Lezginka, which turned out to be the best in terms of moisture retention, the safety of vitamin P and pectins in them.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: The obtained data will serve as an initial reference point for use in technologies of low-temperature preservation of sweet cherries taking into account varietal characteristics and from the position of maintaining its initial physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics at a good level.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черешня (Prunus avium L.)</kwd><kwd>сорт черешни</kwd><kwd>показатели качества</kwd><kwd>низкотемпературное замораживание</kwd><kwd>методы и режимы замораживания</kwd><kwd>холодильное хранение черешни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.)</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd><kwd>quality characteristics</kwd><kwd>low-temperature freezing</kwd><kwd>freezing methods and modes</kwd><kwd>refrigeration storage</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ФГБНУ «ФАНЦ РД» по теме FNMN-2022-0009 «Создание новых сортообразцов плодовых культур, адаптированных к стрессовым факторам среды, разработка и освоение экологически безопасных и конкурентоспособных систем производства и переработки плодов, овощей и картофеля» (Номер государственной регистрации темы: 122022400196-7).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов, М. 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