spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2024.2.560spfp-560Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesИнтенсификация вакуум-сублимационной сушки плодов калины за счет предварительной обработки низкотемпературной плазмойThe Intensification of Vacuum Freeze Drying of Viburnum Fruits Utilizing Low-Temperature Plasma Pre-Treatmenthttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-4265-9651АндрееваОксана ИвановнаAndreevaOksana Ivanovna

инженер-проектировщик лаборатории Передовых электрофизических технологий и новых материалов

oksana_andreeva2001@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-7950ШорсткийИван АлександровчShorstkyIvan Alexandrovich

зав. лабораторией Передовых электрофизических технологий и новых материалов

thegector@mail.ruКубанский государственный технологический университетRussian Federation2024050620243228998Copyright © Андреева О.И., Шорсткий И.А., 20242024Андреева О.И., Шорсткий И.А.Andreeva O.I., Shorstky I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/560Введение

Введение: Длительность классической вакуум-сублимационной сушки при переработке цельных ягод дикоросов может достигать более 120 часов, что напрямую влияет на доступность конечного продукта для потребителей. В связи с этим поиск решений снижения длительности процесса вакуум-сублимационной сушки с сохранением высокого качества получаемого продукта является актуальной производственной задачей.

Цель

Цель: Интенсификация вакуум-сублимационной сушки плодов калины за счет формирования дополнительных каналов на поверхностной оболочке с применением предварительной обработки низкотемпературной плазмой, для уменьшения общей длительности сушки данного вида сырья.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: В качестве вариации обработки низкотемпературной плазмой были выбраны режим слаботочного искрового и дугового разряда при поддержке термоэлектронной эмиссии. Обезвоженные с помощью вакуум-сублимационной сушки плоды калины анализировали на предмет микроструктурных изменений, кинетики сушки и показателей качества. Обработку низкотемпературной плазмой проводили на установке в режиме напряженности поля 8 кВ/см и 6 кВ/см и величиной тока разряда 1 мА и 10 мА, для искрового и дугового режима соответственно.

Результаты

Результаты: Предварительная обработка низкотемпературной плазмой в режиме дугового разряда значительно интенсифицирует процесс вакуум-сублимационной сушки плодов за счет формируемых каналов на поверхности покровной оболочки. Предварительная обработка низкотемпературной плазмой позволила увеличить скорость сушки в три раза и снизить общую длительность процесса. Показатели качества обезвоженных плодов калины с предварительной обработкой низкотемпературной плазмой сохранились на высоком уровне.

Выводы

Выводы: Доказана целесообразность применения обработки низкотемпературной плазмы на этапе подготовки плодово-ягодного сырья к процессам вакуум-сублимационной сушки. Подобранный режим слаботочного разряда позволяет уменьшить общие материальные и энергетические затраты. Данная работа вносит вклад в развитие электрофизических методов для интенсификации сложных процессов тепломассопереноса.

Introduction

Introduction: The duration of classical vacuum freeze drying during the processing of whole wild berries can reach more than 120 hours directly affecting the availability of the final product to consumers. In this regard, the search for solutions to reduce the duration of the vacuum freeze drying process while maintaining the high quality of the resulting product is an urgent production task.

Purpose

Purpose: Intensification of vacuum freeze drying of viburnum fruits due to the formation of additional channels on the surface shell using pre-treatment with low-temperature plasma to reduce the total drying time of this type of raw material.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: Low-current spark and arc discharge modes supported by thermionic emission were chosen as a variation of low-temperature plasma treatment. Viburnum fruits dehydrated by vacuum freeze drying were analyzed for microstructural changes, drying kinetics and quality indicators. Low-temperature plasma treatment was carried out on the installation in the field strength mode of 8 kV/cm and 6 kV/ cm and the discharge current values of 1 mA and 10 mA for spark and arc modes, respectively.

Results

Results: It is shown that pre-treatment with low-temperature plasma in the arc discharge mode significantly intensifies the process of vacuum freeze drying of fruits due to the channels formed on the surface of the integument. Pre-treatment with low-temperature plasma made it possible to increase the drying speed by three times and reduce the overall duration of the process. The quality indicators of dehydrated viburnum fruits with pre-treatment with low-temperature plasma remained at a high level.

Conclusion

Conclusion: Current study demonstrates the efficiency of using low-temperature plasma treatment at the stage of preparing fruit and berry raw materials for vacuum freeze drying processes. The selected low-current discharge mode allows to reduce the total material and energy costs. This work contributes to the development of electrophysical methods for the intensification of complex heat and mass transfer processes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.