spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2025.2.629spfp-629Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СВОЙСТВ ВЕЩЕСТВ И ПРОДУКЦИИ АПКRESEARCH ON TRAITS OF SUBSTANCES AND AGRIBUSINESS PRODUCTSОценка сортов картофеля для переработки на основе кластерного анализаAssessment of Potato Cultivars for Processing Based on Cluster Analysishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-315XМальцевСтанислав ВладимировичMaltsevStanislav V.

Доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела агротехнологий, заведующий сектором хранения и переработки картофеля

Doctor of agricultural sciences, principal researcher at the department of agricultural technologies, head of the storage and processing sector

stanmalcev@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-0617ШабановАдам ЭмирсултановичShabanovAdam E.

Доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом агротехнологий

Doctor of agricultural sciences, principal researcher, head of the department of agricultural technologies 

agro-vniikh@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-7139СоломенцевПавел ВикторовичSolomentsevPavel V.

Научный сотрудник отдела агротехнологий, аспирант 

Researcher at the department of agricultural technologies, postgraduate student

rrr291@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-4972АбросимовДмитрий ВасильевичAbrosimovDmitry V.

Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела агротехнологий

Сandidate of agricultural sciences, leading researcher at the department of agricultural technologies

abrosimov.dmitry@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-222XКнязеваЕлена ВалерьевнаKnyazevaElena V.

Старший научный сотрудник отдела агротехнологий, аспирант

Senior researcher at the department of agricultural technologies, postgraduate student

elenak-73@rambler.ruФГБНУ "ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха"РоссияRussian Potato Research CentreRussian Federation2025300620253323756Copyright © Мальцев С.В., Шабанов А.Э., Соломенцев П.В., Абросимов Д.В., Князева Е.В., 20252025Мальцев С.В., Шабанов А.Э., Соломенцев П.В., Абросимов Д.В., Князева Е.В.Maltsev S.V., Shabanov A.E., Solomentsev P.V., Abrosimov D.V., Knyazeva E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/629Введение

Введение: В России промышленным способом производится 7-8 млн. т картофеля в год и дальнейший рост производства данной культуры в ближайшее время будет происходить в основном за счет развития сектора переработки. Наиболее востребованные картофелепродукты – фри, чипсы, сухое картофельное пюре, быстрозамороженный и вакуумированный картофель. Их качество обусловлено главным образом сортовыми особенностями картофеля, проявляющимися в содержании в клубнях крахмала и редуцирующих сахаров. Однако группировка картофелепродуктов в зависимости от биохимического состава клубней, равно как и оценка пригодности сортов на те или иные виды переработки до сих пор проводилась лишь интуитивно и исходя из общих соображений, т.е. без строгого математического обоснования.

Цель

Цель: Провести научно-обоснованную группировку картофелепродуктов на кластеры с учётом сортоспецифичного биохимического состава клубней, разработать требования к сырью, обеспечивающие получение высококачественных продуктов переработки, определить и рекомендовать в производство универсально пригодные сорта картофеля.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Исследования проводили на 58 сортах картофеля различного срока созревания. Картофелепродукты (фри, чипсы, сухое картофельное пюре, быстрозамороженный и вакуумированный картофель) оценивали согласно методическим указаниям по оценке сортов картофеля на пригодность к переработке и хранению. Содержание крахмала определяли весовым методом по удельной массе клубней картофеля в воздухе и воде, содержание редуцирующих сахаров – спектрофотометрическим методом Самнера. Математическую обработку данных осуществляли методами дисперсионного, корреляционного, регрессионного и кластерного анализа.

Результаты

Результаты: Впервые проведена научно-обоснованная группировка картофелепродуктов на кластеры с обоснованием требований к сырью по содержанию крахмала и редуцирующих сахаров. Кластерным анализом методом К-средних для целей промпереработки доказано преимущество сортов картофеля более поздних сроков созревания, из 58 изученных выделены и рекомендованы в производство 10 наилучших универсальных сортов картофеля: Бабынинский, Фарн, Артур, Восторг, Евпатий, Кавалер, Надежда, Орлан, Розовый чародей, Чайка.

Выводы

Выводы: Полученные данные послужат основой для целенаправленной селекции сортов картофеля для промпереработки с заданными биохимическими параметрами, а для крупных товаропроизводителей позволят систематизировать и упростить использование на те или иные цели уже имеющиеся и рекомендованные сорта.

Introduction

Introduction: In Russia, 7-8 million tons of potatoes are produced industrially per year, and further production growth of this crop in the near future will occur mainly due to the development of the processing sector. The most popular potato products are French fries, chips, dry mashed potatoes, quick-frozen and vacuum-packed potatoes. Their quality is determined mainly by the varietal characteristics of the potato, which are manifested in the tubers starch and reducing sugars content. However, the grouping of potato products depending on the biochemical composition of tubers, as well as the assessment of the suitability of cultivars for certain types of processing, has so far been carried out only intuitively and based on general considerations, i.e. without strict mathematical proof.

Purpose

Purpose: Conduct a scientifically based grouping of potato products into clusters taking into account the variety-specific biochemical composition of tubers, develop requirements for raw materials that ensure the production of high-quality processed products, identify and recommend universally suitable potato cultivars for production.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: The studies were conducted on 58 potato cultivars of different ripening periods. Potato products (French fries, chips, dry mashed potatoes, quick-frozen and vacuum-packed potatoes) were assessed according to the guidelines for assessing potato cultivars for processing and storage suitability. The starch content was determined by the gravimetric method based on the specific gravity of potato tubers in air and water, and the content of reducing sugars was determined by the Sumner spectrophotometric method. Mathematical data processing was performed using the methods of dispersion, correlation, regression and cluster analysis.

Results

Results: For the first time, a scientifically based grouping of potato products into clusters was carried out with a justification of the requirements for raw materials in terms of starch and reducing sugar content. Cluster analysis using the K-means method for industrial processing purposes has proven the advantage of potato cultivars with later ripening periods; out of 58 studied varieties, 10 best universal potato cultivars have been identified and recommended for production: Babyninsky, Farn, Artur, Vostorg, Evpatiy, Kavaler, Nadezhda, Orlan, Rozyvny Charodey, Chaika.

Conclusion

Conclusion: The obtained data will serve as a basis for targeted selection of potato cultivars for industrial processing with specified biochemical parameters, and for large commodity producers will allow to systematize and simplify the use of existing and recommended cultivars for certain purposes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.