spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2025.1.630spfp-630Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СВОЙСТВ ВЕЩЕСТВ И ПРОДУКЦИИ АПКRESEARCH ON TRAITS OF SUBSTANCES AND AGRIBUSINESS PRODUCTSОценка возможности использования сверхкритической углекислотной экстракции при комплексной переработке морских водорослейPossibility Evaluation of Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction in Complex Processing of Algaehttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-5531-7477ИгнатоваТатьяна АнатольевнаIgnatovaTatiana A.

К. т. н., ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела инновационных технологий ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»

ignatova@vniro.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-8403БайгильдиевТимур МуратовичBaygildievTimur M.timurbaychem@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-2399БерезинаМарина ОлеговнаBerezinaMarina O.berezina@severniro.vniro.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2095-1763БаскаковаЮля АлександровнаBaskakovaYulia. A.baskakova@vniro.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-0505-6360ПлакунЛариса КамилевнаPlakunLarisa K.plakun@vniro.ruГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»РоссияState Science Center of the Russian Federation Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography «VNIRO»Russian FederationИФХЭ РАНРоссияFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСеверный филиал ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»РоссияState Science Center of the Russian Federation North branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and oceanography”Russian FederationГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»РоссияState Science Center of the Russian Federation Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and OceanographyRussian Federation20251704202533195115Copyright © Игнатова Т.А., Байгильдиев Т.М., Березина М.О., Баскакова Ю.А., Плакун Л.К., 20252025Игнатова Т.А., Байгильдиев Т.М., Березина М.О., Баскакова Ю.А., Плакун Л.К.Ignatova T.A., Baygildiev T.M., Berezina M.O., Baskakova Y.A., Plakun L.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/630Введение

Введение: Водоросли представляют собой ценный источник разнообразных биологически активных веществ (БАВ), которые широко применяются в медицине, пищевой промышленности, косметологии и других областях, благодаря своим антиоксидантным, противовоспалительным и иммуномодулирующим свойствам. Несмотря на значительный потенциал водорослей в настоящее время отсутствуют комплексные технологические решения, обеспечивающие максимальное извлечение БАВ из данного вида сырья с использованием углекислотной экстракции, а также не имеется информации о химическом составе и биологической активности водорослевых СО2-экстрактов. Разработка новых подходов, включающих оптимизацию процессов извлечения БАД, станет ключевым фактором для повышения эффективности использования водорослей и расширения областей их применения.

Цель

Цель: Провести оценку возможности последовательного использования СО2- и водной экстракций с целью получения при комплексной переработке водорослей-макрофитов полисахаридов, которые используются в пищевой промышленности в качестве загустителей и гелеобразователей, а также СО2-экстрактов содержащие в своем составе вещества обладающие биологической активностью.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Для получения экстрактов использовали бурые и красные водоросли видов Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus distichus, F. vesiculosus, Ahnfeltia plicata, A. tobuchiensis, Vertebrata fucoides. Получение СО2-экстрактов водорослей осуществляли на установке КОЭРС1. Сравнение состава, антимикробных и антиоксидантных свойств СО2-экстрактов проводили в сравнение со спиртовыми и эфирными экстрактами водорослей. Анализ состава экстрактов водорослей осуществляли с использованием современного аналитического оборудования (газового хромато-масс-спектрометра Shimadzu GCMS-TQ 8040, газового хроматографа Agilent 8890GC System Custom, спектрофотометра Cary 3500 Compact UV-Vis) с использованием общепринятых методик. Антимикробные свойства водорослевых экстрактов тестировали в отношении Salmonella abony, Candida albicans, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli с использованием диско-диффузионного метода. Оценку антиоксидантной активности проводили в соответствии с патентом РФ № 2170930. Выделение полисахаридов из водорослей и шрота, образующегося после СО2-экстракции, проводили путем их водного экстрагирования при температурах 98 и 120°С в нейтральной и щелочной среде.   

Результаты

Результаты: На состав полученных СО2-экстрактов водорослей оказывает большее влияние условия экстракции, нежели чем вид используемой водоросли. По качественному составу СО2-экстракты бурых и красных водорослей-макрофитов отличаются в основном только по двум компонентам гамма-ситостерол и cтигмаста-5,24(28)-диен-3-ол, (3.бета.,24Z). Водорастворимые полисахариды, полученные из водорослевого шрота, по своим физико-химическим характеристикам практически не отличались от тех, что были выделены непосредственно из водорослей. 

Выводы

Выводы: Доказана возможность последовательного использования СО2- и водной экстракций для извлечения БАВ и полисахаридов при комплексной переработке водорослей.

Introduction

Introduction: Algae are a valuable source of various biologically active substances (BAS), which are widely used in medicine, food industry, cosmetology and other areas due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Despite the significant potential of algae, there are currently no comprehensive technological solutions that ensure maximum extraction of BAS from this type of raw material using carbon dioxide extraction, and there is no information on the chemical composition and biological activity of algal CO2 extracts. The development of new approaches, including optimization of BAS extraction processes, will be a key factor in increasing the efficiency of algae use and expanding the areas of their application.

Purpose

Purpose: To evaluate the possibility of sequential use of CO2 and water extractions for the purpose of obtaining polysaccharides during the complex processing of macrophyte algae, which are used in the food industry as thickeners and gelling agents, as well as CO2 extracts containing substances with biological activity.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: Brown and red algae of the following species were used to get the extracts: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus distichus, F. vesiculosus, Ahnfeltia plicata, A. tobuchiensis, Vertebrata fucoides. CO2 extracts of algae were obtained using the KOERS1 unit. The composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the CO2 extracts were compared with alcohol and ether extracts of algae. The composition of the algae extracts was analyzed using modern analytical equipment (Shimadzu GCMS-TQ 8040 gas chromatography mass spectrometry system, Agilent 8890GC System Custom gas chromatograph, Cary 3500 Compact UV-Vis spectrophotometer) using generally accepted techniques. The antimicrobial properties of algae extracts were tested against Salmonella abony, Candida albicans, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli using the disk diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was assessed in accordance with Russian Patent No. 2170930. Polysaccharides were isolated from algae and meal formed after CO2 extraction by their aqueous extraction at temperatures of 98 and 120°C in a neutral and alkaline environment. 

Results

Results: It was found that the composition of the obtained CO2 extracts of algae is more influenced by the extraction conditions than by the type of algae used. In terms of qualitative composition, CO2 extracts of brown and red macrophyte algae differ mainly in two components: gamma-sitosterol and stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.,24Z). Water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from algal meal were practically no different in their physicochemical characteristics from those isolated from algae.

Conclusion

Conclusion: The possibility of sequential use of CO2 and water extraction for the extraction of BAS and polysaccharides in the complex processing of algae was proved.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.