spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2025.2.632spfp-632Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫBIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTSСравнительное исследование биопрепаратов для ускоренной деструкции конского навоза с опилкамиComparative Study of Microbial Preparations for Accelerated Decomposition of Horse Manure with Sawdusthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-4603УсмановаЕлена НиколаевнаUsmanovaElena N.elena_akademy@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-484XКузякинаЛюдимила ИвановнаKuzyakinaLyudmila I.klikirov43@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2366-3929ВтюринаМарина НиколаевнаVtyurinaMarina N.elena_akademy@mail.ruВятский государственный агротехнологический университетРоссияVyatka State Agricultural Technical UniversityRussian Federation202530062025332142165Copyright © Усманова Е.Н., Кузякина Л.И., Втюрина М.Н., 20252025Усманова Е.Н., Кузякина Л.И., Втюрина М.Н.Usmanova E.N., Kuzyakina L.I., Vtyurina M.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/632Введение

Введение: Органические отходы животноводства представляют собой одновременно ценный ресурс и источник экологических рисков. Эффективная их утилизация позволяет снизить выбросы парниковых газов, контролировать эпидемиологические угрозы и восстанавливать плодородие почв. Переработка конского навоза с высоким содержанием древесной подстилки, характерного для конных клубов, остаётся малоизученной. С учётом устойчивости лигноцеллюлозных компонентов к микробной деградации актуален отбор и валидация биопрепаратов, способных ускорить компостирование таких субстратов.

Цель

Цель: Провести сравнительную оценку эффективности микробиологических препаратов по показателям темпов деструкции, агрономической ценности полученных субстратов и содержания водорастворимых форм элементов питания.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Эксперимент включал заложение буртов из свежего конского навоза с опилочной подстилкой с добавлением биопрепаратов «Феркон Д», «Феркон ДН», «Биолатик универсал», «Байкал ЭМ-1» и контрольного варианта без обработки. Оценивались температурная динамика, степень усадки буртов, всхожесть и рост кресс-салата и шпината. Содержание водорастворимых форм калия и фосфора определяли методом капиллярного электрофореза с использованием системы «Капель-105М». 

Результаты

Результаты: Варианты с внесением биопрепаратов продемонстрировали ускоренную термофильную фазу компостирования и улучшенные характеристики зрелого компоста по сравнению с контролем. Наиболее выраженные эффекты наблюдались при использовании препарата «Феркон ДН»: максимальная температура (41 °С), наибольшая усадка бурта, высокая всхожесть семян, значительное увеличение длины проростков (до 15,54 см у кресс-салата и 3,86 см у шпината, p < 0,001), а также наибольшее содержание калия (0,19 %) и фосфора (0,28 %).

Выводы

Выводы: Исследование подтвердило эффективность применения биопрепаратов для ускоренной деструкции конского навоза с древесной подстилкой. Наилучшие результаты показал препарат «Феркон ДН», эффективность которого, вероятно, обусловлена действием ферментного комплекса с целлюлазой и бактериями Bacillus thuringiensis. Полученные данные указывают на перспективность использования данного препарата в условиях фермерских хозяйств при переработке лигноцеллюлозосодержащих субстратов.

Introduction

Introduction: Organic livestock waste represents both a valuable resource and a source of environmental risk. Its effective utilization reduces greenhouse gas emissions, mitigates epidemiological threats, and contributes to soil fertility restoration. The processing of horse manure with high wood bedding content, typical for equestrian facilities, remains insufficiently studied. Given the resistance of lignocellulosic materials to microbial degradation, there is a need to select and validate microbial preparations capable of accelerating composting of such substrates.

Purpose

Purpose: To conduct a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of microbial preparations based on decomposition rate, agronomic value of composted substrates, and the concentration of water-soluble nutrient elements.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: The experiment involved piles of fresh horse manure with sawdust bedding treated with microbial preparations: “Ferkon D,” “Ferkon DN,” “Biolatic Universal,” and “Baikal EM-1,” as well as an untreated control. Temperature dynamics, pile shrinkage, seed germination, and growth of cress and spinach were evaluated. Water-soluble forms of potassium and phosphorus were measured using capillary electrophoresis (“Kapel-105M”). Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel (2021).

Results

Results: All treatments with microbial preparations enhanced the thermophilic phase of composting and improved compost quality compared to the control. The most pronounced effects were observed in the “Ferkon DN” variant: maximum temperature (41 °C), highest shrinkage, increased germination, significant shoot length (up to 15.54 cm for cress and 3.86 cm for spinach, p < 0.001), and the highest concentrations of potassium (0.19%) and phosphorus (0.28%).

Conclusion

Conclusion: The study confirmed the effectiveness of microbial preparations in accelerating the decomposition of horse manure with wood bedding. “Ferkon DN” showed the best performance, likely due to the action of its enzymatic complex containing cellulase and Bacillus thuringiensis. These findings support the potential of using this preparation in small-scale manure recycling systems, particularly for lignocellulose-rich substrates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.