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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">spfp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Storage and Processing of Farm Products</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9669</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-767X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/spfp.2025.2.641</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">spfp-641</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стимулирование биологической активности фракционированных по массе семян</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stimulation of Biological Activity of Seeds Fractionated by Weight</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-5224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгунин</surname><given-names>Виктор Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgunin</surname><given-names>Viktor Nikolaevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра "Технологии и оборудование пищевых и химических производств", профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department "Technologies an Equipment of Food and Chemical Industries", professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolgunin-vn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-2969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронин</surname><given-names>Василий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronin</surname><given-names>Vasiliy Aleksandrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра "Технологии и оборудование пищевых и химических производств", доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department "Technologies an Equipment of Food and Chemical Industries", docent</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ua3rbs65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тамбовский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tambov State Technical Univercity</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгунин В.Н., Пронин В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгунин В.Н., Пронин В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgunin V.N., Pronin V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/641">https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/641</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Согласно доктрине продовольственной безопасности Российской Федерации важнейшей задачей является преодоление импортозависимости в обеспечении растениеводства семенами, что особенно важно для овощеводства, использующего более 80% импортных семян. Во многом, это обусловлено проблемами воспроизводства семян мелкосеменных культур со сложной архитектоникой семенного растения, вследствие проблем прогнозирования условий получения семян. с высокими агробиологическими свойствами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Проверка гипотезы о наличии дифференцированного эффекта биостимулирования семян культуры со сложной архитектоникой семенного растения в зависимости от свойств семян, фракционированных методом квазидиффузионной сепарации по массе, с целью рационализации процесса получения биологически ценного посевного материала.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Объектом исследования являлись семена моркови с высокой неоднородностью агробиологических свойств, обусловленной архитектоникой семенного растения и длительным сроком хранения. Фракционирование семян по массе проведено с использованием эффекта квазидиффузионной сепарации в быстром гравитационном потоке на шероховатом скате, при хаотических квазидиффузионных перемещениях семян в состоянии «газа твердых частиц». Столкновения частиц в потоке сопровождаются их квазидиффузионной сепарацией при встречном перемещении легких и тяжелых частиц вдоль градиента доли пустот. Для биостимулирования семян использованы инокулянты в виде концентрированной сублимированной смеси штаммов Bacillus subtilis в составе препарата «Гумаспорин». Оценка агробиологических свойств семян и эффекта их биостимулирования проведена с использованием стандартного метода исследования всхожести и энергии прорастания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: С использованием эффекта квазидиффузионной сепарации семена моркови, предварительно сепарированные по объему семени на две части, разделены по массе на четыре равные по объему фракции с массой тысячи зерен: 1,6; 0,9: 0,8 и 0,7г. Оценка агробиологических свойств фракций семян обнаруживает низкие их значения в отсутствие значительной их корреляции с массой семян, что объясняется явлениями покоя и доразвития зародыша. Инокуляция способствует неоднородному повышению физиологической активности семян всех фракций. Высокий эффект биостимулирования достигается для семян с высокой плотностью, как крупных, так и мелких. Наиболее ярко эффект биостимулирования проявляется при инокуляции семян с наибольшей массой, способствуя повышению их всхожести и энергии прорастания на 30 процентных пунктов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Для повышения эффективности биостимулирования физиологической активности семян методом инокуляции необходимо учитывать особенности архитектоники семенного растения культуры. Многообразие морфометрических параметров семян, отражающих особенности архитектоники семенного растения, представляется возможным учесть путем фракционирования семян по массе с использованием эффекта квазидиффузионной сепарации в быстром гравитационном потоке. Наибольший эффект улучшения агробиологических свойств достигается при инокуляции семян с наибольшей плотностью и массой.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: When implementing the country's food security doctrine, one of the most important tasks is to overcome import dependence in providing seeds for domestic crop production. The problem of import substitution is particularly acute in vegetable growing, which operates using more than 80% of imported seeds, which is a consequence not only of the low level of breeding activity, but also of the lack of an effective technological base for preparing seeds for sowing.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the expediency of fractionation of seeds of crops with complex architectonics of the seed plant by weight and stimulation of the mechanisms of their physiological activity using biological phytostimulants.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: Carrot seeds with high heterogeneity of agrobiological properties due to the complex architectonics of the seed plant were used as the object of research. For the fractionation of seeds according to agrobiological properties, separation of seed material by weight using the effect of quasi-diffusion separation in a fast shear gravitational flow of material on a rough slope is proposed. Under conditions of rapid shear deformation, the granular medium transforms into a "gas of solid particles" state, in which particles perform chaotic quasi-diffusion movements. In the presence of a void fraction gradient in the medium, collisions of particles with different masses are accompanied by their quasi-diffusion separation, which consists in the oncoming movement of light and heavy particles along the void fraction gradient. To enhance the effect, the principle of multi-stage separation with a counterflow of inhomogeneous particles is used. In order to activate the mechanisms of physiological activity, the seeds were treated with a biostimulator "Gumasporin" containing inoculants in the form of a concentrated freeze-dried mixture of Bacillussubtilis strains. To assess the agrobiological properties of seed fractions and the effect of biostimulating their physiological activity, a standard method for studying germination and germination energy was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Using the effect of quasi-diffusion separation, carrot seeds, previously separated into two parts by seed volume, were divided by weight into four fractions of equal volume with a mass of one thousand grains: 1.6; 0.9: 0.8 and 0.7g. An assessment of the agrobiological properties of seed fractions reveals their low values in the absence of significant correlation with the mass of seeds, which is explained by the phenomena of dormancy and pre-development of the embryo. Stimulation of the physiological activity of seeds using inoculants provides increased activity for all fractions of seeds. A high stimulating effect is achieved for seeds with high density, both large and small. The effect of biostimulating the mechanisms of physiological activity is most pronounced when inoculating seeds with the highest mass, contributing to an increase in their germination rate and germination energy by 30 percentage points.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: In order to increase the effectiveness of stimulating the mechanisms of physiological activity of seeds by inoculation, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the architectonics of the seed plant of the crop. The variety of morphometric parameters of seeds reflecting the peculiarities of the architectonics of the seed plant can be taken into account by fractionating seeds by weight using the effect of quasi-diffusion separation in a fast shear gravity flow. The greatest effect of improving agrobiological properties is achieved by inoculating the fraction of seeds with the highest mass.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инокуляция фракционированных семян моркови</kwd><kwd>квазидиффузионная сепарация семян по массе</kwd><kwd>энергия прорастания</kwd><kwd>всхожесть семян</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inoculation of fractionated carrot seeds</kwd><kwd>quasi-diffusion separation of seeds by weight</kwd><kwd>germination energy</kwd><kwd>seed germination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">грант РФФИ № 14-08-97531</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">RFBR grant № 14-08-97531</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бухаров, А.Ф., Балеев, Д.Н., Иванова, М.И., &amp; Бухарова, А.Р. (2017). 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