spfpХранение и переработка сельхозсырьяStorage and Processing of Farm Products2072-96692658-767XРОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/spfp.2025.3.647spfp-647Research ArticleФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ СЕЛЬХОЗПРОДУКЦИИPHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS OF FARM RAW MATERIAL PROCESSINGВлияние ионизирующего излучения на ферментативную активность клубней картофеляImpacts of Ionizing Radiation on the Potato Tuber Enzymatic Activityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-338XМинбагисовТимур ЗарифовичMinbagisovTimur Z.

Минбагисов Тимур Зарифович, аспирант кафедры технологии органического синтеза Химико-технологического института Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина (620002, Российская Федерация, Свердловская область, Екатеринбург, улица Мира, 19), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-338X, Researcher ID: NMK-5874-2025, SPIN-код: 1014-5667, tz-minbagisov@yandex.ru.

Minbagisov Timur Zarifovich, doctoral candidate of the Technology for Organic Synthesis Department of the Institute of Chemical Engeneering of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (620002, Russian Federation, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, Mira street, 19), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-338X, Researcher ID: NMK-5874-2025, SPIN-code: 1014-5667, tz-minbagisov@yandex.ru.

tz-minbagisov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-1874СелезневаИрина СтаниславовнаSeleznevaIrina S.

Селезнева Ирина Станиславовна, доцент кафедры технологии органического синтеза Химико-технологического института Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина (620002, Российская Федерация, Свердловская область, Екатеринбург, улица Мира, 19), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-1874, Scopus ID: 57193404586, SPIN-код: 4745-3470, i.s.selezneva@urfu.ru.

Selezneva Irina Stanislavovna, Ph.D of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Technology for Organic Synthesis Department of the Institute of Chemical Engeneering of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (620002, Russian Federation, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, Mira street, 19), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-1874, Scopus ID: 57193404586, SPIN-code: 4745-3470, i.s.selezneva@urfu.ru.

i.s.selezneva@urfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-9179БезматерныхМаксим АлексеевичBezmaternykhMaxim A.

Безматерных Максим Алексеевич, доцент кафедры технологии органического синтеза Химико-технологического института Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина (620002, Российская Федерация, Свердловская область, Екатеринбург, улица Мира, 19), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-9179, Scopus ID: 6506164812, SPIN-код: 1193-4835, AuthorID: 49433, m.a.bezmaternyh@urfu.ru.

Bezmaternykh Maxim Alekseevich, Ph.D of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Technology for Organic Synthesis Department of the Institute of Chemical Engeneering of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (620002, Russian Federation, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, Mira street, 19), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-9179, Scopus ID: 6506164812, SPIN-code: 1193-4835, AuthorID: 49433, m.a.bezmaternyh@urfu.ru.

m.a.bezmaternyh@urfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3832БарановаАнна АлександровнаBaranovaAnna A.

Баранова Анна Александровна, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры экспериментальной физики, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина (620002, Российская Федерация, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19). ORCID: 0000-0002-3020-3832, Scopus ID: 56421777700, SPIN-код: 6808-9342, AuthorID: 789057, a.a.baranova@urfu.ru.

Baranova Anna Alexandrovna, Ph.D of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Experimental Physics Department of the Institute of Physics and Technology of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (620002, Russian Federation, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, Mira street, 19). ORCID: 0000-0002-3020-3832, Scopus ID: 56421777700, SPIN-code: 6808-9342, AuthorID: 789057, a.a.baranova@urfu.ru.

a.a.baranova@urfu.ruУральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. YeltsinRussian Federation202520012026333106106Copyright © Минбагисов Т.З., Селезнева И.С., Безматерных М.А., Баранова А.А., 20262026Минбагисов Т.З., Селезнева И.С., Безматерных М.А., Баранова А.А.Minbagisov T.Z., Selezneva I.S., Bezmaternykh M.A., Baranova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spfp-mgupp.ru/jour/article/view/82Введение

Введение: В Российской Федерации потери картофеля при хранении достигают 14 % от объёма урожая, что обусловлено прорастанием и нарушением биохимического баланса клубней. Использование ионизирующего излучения признано эффективным методом ингибирования прорастания, однако его влияние на ферментативную активность и белковый профиль клубней недостаточно изучено.

Цель

Цель: Оценить влияние тормозного излучения в дозах 50–150 Гр (рекомендованных МАГАТЭ) на механическую прочность, белковый состав и активность ферментов антиоксидантной системы и обмена веществ в клубнях картофеля.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Объектом исследования были клубни картофеля сорта «Ред Скарлетт». Использовали тормозное излучение (10 МэВ), дозы 0, 50, 100 и 150 Гр. Измеряли твёрдость (пенетрометрия), проводили высаливание белков сульфатом аммония, определяли содержание общего белка (метод Лоури), а также активность кислой фосфатазы и каталазы (спектрофотометрически и титриметрически).

Результаты

Результаты: Установлено увеличение твердости клубней при дозе 150 Гр на 34 % по сравнению с контролем. При 100 Гр масса белковых осадков достигала максимума, превысив контроль в 8,8 раз. При 150 Гр количество общего белка превышало контроль в 6,6 раз. Активность кислой фосфатазы возрастала до 2,8 раза при 100 Гр, после чего снижалась. Активность каталазы увеличивалась с ростом дозы и достигала максимума при 150 Гр (в 2,14 раза выше контроля).

Выводы

Выводы: Полученные результаты подтверждают чувствительность метаболических и структурных параметров картофеля к дозам ионизирующего излучения и демонстрируют потенциал применения облучения в технологии хранения.

Introduction

Introduction: Potato losses caused by germination and changes in the biochemical balance of tubers during the storage reach 14 % of the whole harvest volume around the Russian Federation. The application of the ionizing radiation is known as an effective method of germination inhibiting but its effect on the enzymatic activity and protein precipitation profile of potato tubers has not been sufficiently studied.

Purpose

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of bremsstrahlung at doses of 50–150 Gy recommended by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) on mechanical firmness, protein structure as well as enzyme activity of the potato antioxidant system and metabolism.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: Red Scarlett variety of potatoes is the subject of the given study. The research aims to apply bremsstrahlung (10 MeV) at doses of 0, 50, 100 and 150 Gy and as a result to measure mechanical firmness by a penetrometer, to carry out salting out of protein with ammonium sulfate, to determine the total protein content by Lowry's method as well as to define the activity of acid phosphatase and catalase (spectrophotometrically and titrimetrically).

Results

Results: The research has shown that firmness of potato tubers at a dose of 150 Gy increases by 34 % as compared with the controlled one. Mass of protein precipitation at a dose of 100 Gy reaches its maximum exceeding the control by 8.81 times. The total protein content exceeds the control by 6.60 times at a dose of 150 Gy. The activity of acid phosphatase increases up to 2.8 times at a dose of 100 Gy leading to its further decrease. According to the given research, the activity of catalase increases with an increasing dose and reaches a maximum at a dose of 150 Gy (2.14 times higher than the control).

Conclusions

Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the sensitivity of the metabolic and structural parameters of potatoes to ionizing radiation doses and demonstrate the greatest potential of the ionizing radiation application for the storage technology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.