Pre-Sowing Optical Treatment of Seeds of Grain Crops on the Example of Winter Rye “Falenskaya 4”

Introduction: In modern intensive technologies of the crop production, special attention is paid to chemical methods of the pre-sowing seed treatment. At the same time, the negative effect of such a treatment for the germination and the growth of seeds are ignored. So it is necessary to use plant growth and development stimulants additionally. The alternative solution method is the use of the coherent radiation with a power of up to 100 MW. Previously
conducted studies of many agricultural crops confirm the stimulating effect of laser radiation (photo activation) for the initial growth and development of plants. However, the further effect of the photo activation has been little studied. This paper shows the development of winter rye plants «Falenskaya 4» after the laser pre-sowing treatment from the germination to harvesting.
Purpose: To develop and test the technique of the pre-sowing optical seed treatment, evaluate the effectiveness of such treatment, eliminate the effects associated with its instability, select the most optimal modes, design equipment on a modern element base using semiconductor diodes as sources of the coherent radiation.

Materials and Methods: The researches were carried out in 2018...2022 both in the laboratory of LLC «Research Institute «Agrolaser»» and in the fields of farms of the Udmurt Republic. Winter rye seeds «Falenskaya 4» provided by farms were taken as materials for these studies. The coherent radiation source was the Luch-5 installation with the adjustable power of the emitters.The exposure of the laser treatment was set in accordance with the experiment plan. Seeds without the laser pre-sowing treatment served as a control.

Results: At the time of the harvesting, the following was noted in the variants with the laser treatment of seeds: (1) Pre-sowing laser treatment retains its influence regardless of the condition of the seeds being processed, their place of the origin. The effect of the increase in the yield of winter rye «Falenskaya 4» was obtained on the same operating modes of the installation «Luch-5», regardless of other factors; (2) pre-sowing laser seed treatment has its effect on the entire growing season, there has been a significant improvement in plant development indicators from sowing to harvesting; (3) winter rye plants tolerate drought conditions significantly better after pre-sowing laser seed treatment; (4) the number of productive stems increased, which is provided by an increase in field germination of seeds, tillering during plant development and allows you to significantly reduce the seeding rate and, accordingly, the costs of the crop production; (5) as a result, after pre-sowing laser treatment of seeds, the yield of agricultural crops increases; (6) an increase in crop yields without a significant increase in cultivation costs significantly reduces the cost of the crop production.

Conclusions: The data obtained allow us to recommend the technology of pre-sowing treatment based on the use of coherent radiation for the seeds of winter rye “Falenskaya 4” in order to increase crop yields and reduce the cost of crop production.

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