Analysis of Biologically Active Substances in Bee Royal Jelly and Bovine Colostrum for the Creation of a Complex Biologically Active Supplement

Introduction: Biologically active substances found in bee royal jelly and bovine colostrum are a valuable source of active components with potential for creating innovative complex dietary supplements. The modern human need for specialized products is assessed.

Purpose: To develop technological solutions for creating a comprehensive dietary supplement — nutraceutical using bee royal jelly, collected and adsorbed using a method developed by “KazNIIPPP”. 

Materials and Methods: Bovine colostrum, collected within the first “0”, “6” hours after calving from healthy animals negative for tuberculosis, brucellosis, and leukemia, of the third calving, with a density of (1,080–1,045) g/cm, pH — from 5.9 to 8.3 units. Microbiological indicators of the studied colostrum samples in accordance with the requirements of TR TS 27; bee royal jelly, collected and adsorbed using a method developed by “KazNIIPPP” researchers: biological activities of raw material compositions. The developed method for stabilizing royal jelly included criteria assessing amino acid and vitamin compositions. Special attention was given to the content of 10 hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in the adsorbed product.

Results: The choice of nutraceutical sources and functional properties of the complex dietary supplement — nutraceutical are justified. The processes of collection and storage of raw materials are described. Results of the storage of raw materials according to the main criteria are presented: microbiological safety, titers of immunoglobulins (IgG) in colostrum, content of decenoic acids in royal jelly. The obtained results served as a basis for the development of dietary supplement recipes. Ratios of bee royal jelly and bovine colostrum are established, and the effectiveness of the complex dietary supplement is assessed according to the regulatory requirements for dietary supplements - nutraceuticals.

Conclusions: Standardization of collection and storage of true colostrum, stabilization of biological activities of royal jelly obtained using the developed technology of forming a caregiver family and the application of gentle methods of freezing and adsorption ensure the creation of functional compositions of royal jelly and bovine colostrum in a controlled process. The substantiated technological solutions for obtaining dietary supplements based on royal jelly and bovine colostrum are unique in terms of the composition of functional ingredients and are effective from a practical point of view.

1. Gligorevic, S., Petrovic, M., Ivanovic, J., & Sokovic, M. (2019). Analysis of bioactive components in royal jelly. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(3), 654-669.

2. Viuda-Martos, M., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Fernández-López, J., & Pérez-Alvarez, J. A. (2008). Biological activities of royal jelly - Review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 19(12), 634-642.

3. Morita, H., Ikeda, T., Kajita, K., Fujioka, K., & Mori, I. (2018). Composition and functional properties of royal jelly: A review. Foods, 7(6), 92.

4. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=12560, https://pubchem. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12560 (accessed Nov. 25, 2016).

5. Miguel, M. G., Nunes, S., & Dandlen, S. A. (2018). Bioactive Components of Royal Jelly Review. Journal of Food Science, 83(3), 757-764.

6. Anand, A., Sharma, S., Kumar, R., & Gill, B. K. (2019). Therapeutic Uses of Bee Pollen: A Review. Journal of Medicinal Food, 22(5), 412-424.

7. Fokt, H. F., Pereira, A., Ferreira, A., & Rijo, P. (2018). Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Properties of Bee Propolis: A Review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 71, 210-218.

8. Kelly, G. S. (2020). Health-Promoting Effects of Colostrum: A Review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(8), 732-751.

9. Patel, R. D., Mehta, B. M., Goyal, R. K., Patel, P. R., & Pandya, H. V. (2019). Bovine Colostrum: An Emerging Nutraceutical. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 9(2), 32-38.

10. Szweda, P., Gucwa, K., Kurpios-Piec, D., & Pawlikowska, M. (2020). Bioactive Peptides from Bee Products for Health Benefits: A Review. Nutrients, 12(7), 1840.

11. da Silva, P. M., Gauche, C., Gonzaga, L. V., Costa, A. C. O., & Fett, R. (2019). Health Benefits of Bee Products and Their Constituents: A Review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67(34), 7831-7843.

12. Bogdanov, S., Jurendic, T., Sieber, R., & Gallmann, P. (2017). Biological and Therapeutic Properties of Bee Pollen: A Review. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 69(3), 225-235.

13. Rusznyák, Á., Sujbert, K., Bakonyi, T., & Szöke, É. (2018). Biological Activities of Royal Jelly - Review. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 66(4), 535-544.

14. Pakkanen, R., Aalto, J., & Virtanen, E. (2017). Colostrum and Its Benefits: A Review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(6), 1592-1604.

15. Pithua, P. Efficacy of feeding a lacteal-derived colostrum replacer or pooled maternal colostrum with a low IgG concentration for prevention of failure of passive transfer in dairy calves / P. Pithua, S.S. Aly, D.M. Hainesetal // J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. – 2013. – Vol. 243, № 2. – P. 277–282.

16. Davidson, G.P. Passive protection against diarrheal disease / G.P. Davidson // J. Ped. Gastroint. Nutr. – 1996. – Vol. 23. – P. 207–212.

17. Ляйстнер Л. Значение барьерной технологии для сохранения качества пищевых продуктов // Мясная индустрия, 1998, № 2. С. 23-25; № 3. - С. 3132.

18. Noda N., Umebayashi K., Nakatani T., Miyahara K., Ishiyama K. Isolation and characterization of some hydroxy fatty and phosphoric acid esters of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from the royal jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera) // Lipids. – 2005. – Vol. 40. № 8. – P. 833–838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-005-1445-6.

19. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=5280963, https://pubchem. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5280963 (accessed Nov. 9, 2016).

20. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=379, https://pubchem.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/compound/379 (accessed Nov. 15, 2016).

21. Townsend G.F., Morgan J.F., Tolnai S., Hazlett B., Morton H.J., Shuel R.W. Studies on the in vitro antitumor activity of fatty acids I. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly // Cancer research. – 1960. – Vol. 20, № 4. – Р. 503–510.

22. Townsend G.F., William H.B., Felauer E.E., Barbara H. Studies on the in vitro antitumor activity of fatty acids: IV. The esters of acids closely related to 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly against transplantable mouse leukemia // Canadian journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. – 1961. – Vol. 39, № 11. – Р. 1765–1770.