Adjustment of the Lipid Status of Animal Raw Materials

Introduction: The lipid composition of animal-derived fat raw materials plays a critical role in formulating balanced feeds for livestock. However, natural fats often fail to meet the required fatty acid profile, limiting their application in feed formulations. Despite advancements in the biotechnological processing of fats, the use of enzymatic methods to modify their lipid composition remains insufficiently explored.

Purpose: To develop a methodology for the transesterification of fat raw materials to obtain lipid compositions with a modified fatty acid profile suitable for livestock feed formulations.

Materials and Methods: The study focused on fat waste from meat processing plants, pork lard, and cattle bone fat. Transesterification was performed in the presence of fish oil. The system's dispersity and fatty acid composition were monitored. The methodology involved combining fat components with enzymes, heating, and mechanical or ultrasonic dispersion to enhance processing efficiency.

Results: The content of major fatty acids in raw materials and intermediate products was determined. Emulsions with lipid particle sizes ranging from 0.1 to 200 µm were obtained. Optimal conditions for enzymatic processing were established: substrate concentration of 300–350 g/L, temperature of 60 ± 2 °C, pH of 5.0; enzyme activity of 500 U/L, and thermal activation of the enzyme for 20 minutes at 60 °C. The resulting hydrolysates are potential products for improving livestock feed bases.

Conclusion: The developed methodology for processing fat raw materials enables the efficient transformation of both natural animal fats and difficult-to-process fat waste from meat processing plants into highly dispersed biomass. Optimal conditions for enzymatic processing were determined, ensuring the creation of balanced lipid components for feed production.

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