Stimulation of Biological Activity of Seeds Fractionated by Weight

Introduction: When implementing the country's food security doctrine, one of the most important tasks is to overcome import dependence in providing seeds for domestic crop production. The problem of import substitution is particularly acute in vegetable growing, which operates using more than 80% of imported seeds, which is a consequence not only of the low level of breeding activity, but also of the lack of an effective technological base for preparing seeds for sowing.

Purpose: Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the expediency of fractionation of seeds of crops with complex architectonics of the seed plant by weight and stimulation of the mechanisms of their physiological activity using biological phytostimulants.

Materials and methods: Carrot seeds with high heterogeneity of agrobiological properties due to the complex architectonics of the seed plant were used as the object of research. For the fractionation of seeds according to agrobiological properties, separation of seed material by weight using the effect of quasi-diffusion separation in a fast shear gravitational flow of material on a rough slope is proposed. Under conditions of rapid shear deformation, the granular medium transforms into a "gas of solid particles" state, in which particles perform chaotic quasi-diffusion movements. In the presence of a void fraction gradient in the medium, collisions of particles with different masses are accompanied by their quasi-diffusion separation, which consists in the oncoming movement of light and heavy particles along the void fraction gradient. To enhance the effect, the principle of multi-stage separation with a counterflow of inhomogeneous particles is used. In order to activate the mechanisms of physiological activity, the seeds were treated with a biostimulator "Gumasporin" containing inoculants in the form of a concentrated freeze-dried mixture of Bacillussubtilis strains. To assess the agrobiological properties of seed fractions and the effect of biostimulating their physiological activity, a standard method for studying germination and germination energy was used.

Results: Using the effect of quasi-diffusion separation, carrot seeds, previously separated into two parts by seed volume, were divided by weight into four fractions of equal volume with a mass of one thousand grains: 1.6; 0.9: 0.8 and 0.7g. An assessment of the agrobiological properties of seed fractions reveals their low values in the absence of significant correlation with the mass of seeds, which is explained by the phenomena of dormancy and pre-development of the embryo. Stimulation of the physiological activity of seeds using inoculants provides increased activity for all fractions of seeds. A high stimulating effect is achieved for seeds with high density, both large and small. The effect of biostimulating the mechanisms of physiological activity is most pronounced when inoculating seeds with the highest mass, contributing to an increase in their germination rate and germination energy by 30 percentage points.

Conclusion: In order to increase the effectiveness of stimulating the mechanisms of physiological activity of seeds by inoculation, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the architectonics of the seed plant of the crop. The variety of morphometric parameters of seeds reflecting the peculiarities of the architectonics of the seed plant can be taken into account by fractionating seeds by weight using the effect of quasi-diffusion separation in a fast shear gravity flow. The greatest effect of improving agrobiological properties is achieved by inoculating the fraction of seeds with the highest mass.

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