Impacts of ionizing radiation on the potato tuber enzymatic activity

Introduction: Potato losses caused by germination and changes in the biochemical balance of tubers during the storage reach 14 % of the whole harvest volume around the Russian Federation. The application of the ionizing radiation is known as an effective method of germination inhibiting but its effect on the enzymatic activity and protein precipitation profile of potato tubers has not been sufficiently studied.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of bremsstrahlung at doses of 50–150 Gy recommended by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) on mechanical firmness, protein structure as well as enzyme activity of the potato antioxidant system and metabolism.

Materials and methods: Red Scarlett variety of potatoes is the subject of the given study. The research aims to apply bremsstrahlung (10 MeV) at doses of 0, 50, 100 and 150 Gy and as a result to measure mechanical firmness by a penetrometer, to carry out salting out of protein with ammonium sulfate, to determine the total protein content by Lowry's method as well as to define the activity of acid phosphatase and catalase (spectrophotometrically and titrimetrically).

Results: The research has shown that firmness of potato tubers at a dose of 150 Gy increases by 34 % as compared with the controlled one. Mass of protein precipitation at a dose of 100 Gy reaches its maximum exceeding the control by 8.81 times. The total protein content exceeds the control by 6.60 times at a dose of 150 Gy. The activity of acid phosphatase increases up to 2.8 times at a dose of 100 Gy leading to its further decrease. According to the given research, the activity of catalase increases with an increasing dose and reaches a maximum at a dose of 150 Gy (2.14 times higher than the control).

Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the sensitivity of the metabolic and structural parameters of potatoes to ionizing radiation doses and demonstrate the greatest potential of the ionizing radiation application for the storage technology.

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