Evaluation of the Biochemical Composition of Soya Grain and Dry Biomass of Soya Seedlings in a Comparatively-varietal Aspect

Abstract

The most complete information about the biochemical composition of the feedstock is a necessary condition for the production of high-quality healthy foods based on soybean. Taking into account constantly expanding varietal assortment of soybean, an actual research direction is a thorough study of the composition and properties of new varieties, as well as the possibility of their use in processing. We present the results of a comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of dry biomass of soya seedlings and soya grain of 7 new varieties of selection of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean» (Amur region, Blagoveshchensk). As a result of the studies, significant varietal differences in soya grain were found: by content of protein - within 6,33 %, and fiber - 5,26 %, by content of fat, total carbohydrates and activity of trypsin inhibitors - 3,99, 2,44 % and 2,59 mg/g, respectively. In soya seedlings the intervarietal range of fluctuations in protein content amounted to 1,62 %, fat - 1,70 %, fiber - 2,90 %, total carbohydrates - 3,61 %, the intervarietal differences of indicators for activity of trypsin inhibitors varied within 4,45 mg/g. In the biochemical composition of dry biomass of the seedlings, regardless of the variety used for their production, there was a significant decrease in fat content, in activity of trypsin inhibitors and an increase in fiber, protein and total carbohydrates. The obtained research results can be useful for practical activity at the processing soy raw materials to assess the efficiency of the use of one soybean variety or another in order to create functional foods or biologically active food additives.