Productivity and Technological Quality of Domestic and Foreign Sugar Beet Hybrids as a Result of Long-Term Application of Fertilizers in the Cen-tral Black-Earth Region

At present, modern sugar beet hybrids can realize their genetical potential only using agricultural methods adapted to their biological characteristics. As a crop having high removal of nutrient el-ements, sugar beet demands NPK supply very much. When choosing an optimal fertilizer system for a concrete soil-climatic region, it is necessary to recommend the variant in which interaction of hybrids and nutrient supply systems is the especially effective. Aim of our investigations was to determine efficiency of long-term applied fertilizers in a grain-beet crop rotation and to reveal their influence on change of technological characteristics and productivity of modern sugar beet hybrids. The investigations were conducted in 2019-2020 on the basis of the long-term experi-ment started by Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “The A.L. Mazlumov All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar” (Voronezh region) in 1936 that used 9-course grain-arable crop rotation with the interchange: black fallow – winter wheat – sugar beet. For domestic hybrids RMS 120 and RMS 127, optimal doses of N45P45K45 (the scheme I) and N90P90K90 (the scheme II) fertilizers with the background of 25 t/ha of manure in fallow were determined. Their application resulted in reliable yield improvement (by 6.6-11.1 t/ha and 5.1-9.3 t/ha), increase of predicted factory sugar output (by 0.75-2.52 and up to 1.37 absolute %) with the least molasses sucrose losses (by 0.13-0.35 and 0.07-0.14 absolute %) and extractability (extraction coefficient) not less than 85 % that provided increase of refined sugar yield per a hectare of area under the crop by 1.3-2.0 t/ha as compared to the unfertilized variant and achievement of fertilizers’ pay-back: 32.1-32.6 (RMS 120) and 24.8-27.3 (RMS 127) kg/kg. For a foreign hybrid of Mitika, ap-plication N135P135K135 with the background of 25 t/ha of manure in fallow (the scheme III) and N120P120K120 with the background of 50 t/ha of manure in fallow (the scheme IV) provided relia-ble increase of beet root yield (by 14.7 and 9.6 t/ha), sugar output when processing raw material (up to 0.35 absolute %) with extractability not less than 86 %, and refined sugar yield per a hec-tare of area under the crop (by 2.3 and 1.8 t/ha). When using the schemes III and IV in fields with the foreign hybrid, fertilizers’ payback was 30.9 and 19.1 kg/kg, accordingly. The obtained data allows recommending the above-stated schemes for a long-term application in a crop rota-tion to obtain the greatest productivity of modern sugar beet hybrids with high technological in-dices of beet root processing and payback of the applied fertilizers. 

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