Automation of X-ray Method for Analysis of Seed Quality and Commercial Grain of Cereals

The X-ray method is often indispensable in the rapid analysis of a number of indicators of seeds and food grains, expressed in a change in the internal structure of the grain. The application of the X-ray method for the analysis of seed quality by introscopic indices (latent insect infestation) is reflected in domestic and international standards and is already widely used. However, it is obvious that in addition to hidden contamination, this method allows to effectively identify a number of other defects and grain quality parameters. In the process of automation of this method and numerical evaluation of radiographic indices, it becomes obvious that for an exact, adequate and well-grounded application of this method it is necessary to solve a number of theoretical and practical problems that are considered in this article. The characteristics of the equipment and the survey process-the spectral composition of the radiation, the focal length, the intensity of radiation, and the size of the focal spot of the X-ray tube-should provide an operative acquisition of X-ray diffraction patterns sufficient for detecting the analyzed details of the object. Features of the application of this equipment are given on the example of the mobile X-ray diagnostic complex PRDU-02 in conjunction with the DIGORA X-ray plate scanner. In addition to the obvious advantages (simplicity and speed of shooting, satisfactory visual quality of the images), this method has a number of drawbacks, including a high level of noisiness, errors in the distribution of the light flux, and the presence of additional details and visual artifacts in the photograph. Compensation of distortions caused by errors and design features of the survey equipment is a necessary stage of preliminary digital image processing in order to obtain an adequate digital image of the grain. Distortion of luminance values can be caused both by the unevenness of the light flux for different shooting sessions and for different sections of one X-ray diffraction pattern, and by the unevenness of the substrate on which the grains are located. The proposed methods allow to effectively solve these problems and apply the radiographic method in a variety of problems of assessing the quality of seeds and grains.

аппаратура, зараженность, интроскопические показатели, искажения, компенсация, крупные дефекты, продовольственное зерно, рентгенография, семена, съемка, трещиноватость

1. Архипов, М. В. Микрофокусная рентгенография растений / М. В. Архипов, Н. Н. Потрахов. - СПб.: ГНУ АФИ РАСХН, 2008. - 192 с.

2. Белецкий, С. Л. Современные рентгендиагностические комплексы для экспрессоценки качества сырья / С. Л. Белецкий, Е. В. Иванова, Т. В. Фешина // Сб. докладов научнопрактического семинара «Практические аспекты исследования и мониторинга качества сырья и продуктов питания для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности России». - М.: ФГУ НИИПХ Росрезерва, 2010. - С. 78-83.

3. Якушев, В. П. Анализ качества семян по рентгенограмме с помощью ЭВМ / В. П. Якушев [и др.] // Доклады Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук. - 2001. - № 1. - С. 16-17.

4. Методика рентгенографии в земледелии и растениеводстве / М. В. Архипов, Д. И. Алексеева, Н. Ф. Батыгин [и др.]. - М.: РАСХН, 2001. - 102 с.