Selection of Oats and Barley Varieties for the Production of Protein-lipid-carbohydrate Compositions with a Balanced Nutrient Composition

Grain crops play a special role in the technology of functional products and formulas. Grain makes up a significant part of the raw materials of food and processing industry enterprises, thereby forming intersectoral proportions not only in agro-industrial production, but also in the entire economy of the country. In this regard, oats and barley are the most promising raw materials for the production of protein-lipid cereal formulas. These crops are the most common and important grain crops in the Russian Federation. They are able to form cost-effective, stable grain yields in a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. Modern varietal policy, the principles of functioning of the grain market presupposes the use of a wide range of varieties that differ in a complex of biological and economically valuable characteristics in the food production, since the genetic potential of the variety largely determines the level of yield and product quality. The selection of naked oats and barley is relevant, as these grain varieties are of valuable quality and more technologically advanced in processing compared to filmy grains. 27 varieties of barley and oats (naked and filmy subspecies) obtained from the world collection of the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR) were studied. The following characteristics were measured and calculated for selected barley and oat varieties : geometric grain characteristics (linear dimensions, outer surface area, sphericity, grain volume, grain volume to outer surface area ratio); grain volume, the ratio of grain volume to the external surface area; grain density (physical density, bulk density (nature), mass and volume of 1000 seeds). The moisture, protein and fat content of oat and barley grains were also studied to assess the nutritional value of oat and barley grains. As a result, two naked varieties of oat ("Samson" and "Percheron") and two varieties of barley ("NUDUM 95" and "Omsk naked 4") were selected. They are characterized by an increased protein and fat content, increased density and sufficient grain size. The characteristics of selected naked barley and oat varieties exceed those of standard varieties and have the necessary biochemical properties. In this regard, they can be recommended as raw materials for technologies of protein-lipid-carbohydrate  grain composition with a balanced nutrient composition for subsequent use for functional and children nutrition.

1. Bul'on V.V., Malyshkin K.A., Hnychenko L.K., Gaponova L.V., Lapteva E.N. Farmako- i dietoterapiya alimentarnoj distrofii v eksperimente //Aktual'nye voprosy eksperimental'noj i klinicheskoj farmakologii. ‒ Smolensk, 1994, S. 23-24.

2. Hnychenko L.K., Bul'on V.V., Zavodskaya I.S., Sapronov N.S., Gaponova L.V. Gepato-zashchitnye svojstva belkov soi i vozmozhnost' ih ispol'zovaniya v dintoterapii hronicheskogo toksicheskogo gepatita/ Byulleten' eksperimental'noj biologii i mediciny. ‒ № 3, 2000. ‒ S. 283-286.

3. Gaponova L.V., Polezhaeva T.A., Zabodalova L.A., Volotovskaya N.V., Kuz'min A.L. Adaptirovannye specializirovannye smesi s izolyatom soevogo belka v pitanii detej s pishchevoj neperenosimost'yu/ Gastroenterologiya Sankt-Peterburga. ‒ 2005. № 1-2. ‒ S. M28.

4. Gaponova L.V. Polezhaeva T.A., Volotovskaya N. V., Kuz'min A. L., Matveeva G.A. Koncentraty na osnove zlakovyh dlya lechebnogo pitaniya detej i vzroslyh, stradayushchih neperenosimost'yu korov'ego moloka/ Gastroenterologiya Sankt-Peterburga. ‒ 2006, № 1-2. ‒ S. M31.

5. Gaponova L.V., Polezhaeva T.A., Gaponova O.M., Matveeva G.A. Bezlaktoznye bezglyutenovye produkty na zernobobovoj osnove dlya pitaniya lyudej s celiakiej i laktoznoj nedostatochnost'yu //Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya.-vypusk 105. ‒ № 5. ‒ 2014, S. 47-48.

6. Gaponova L.V., Polezhaeva T.A., Matveeva G.A., Lisicyn D.A. Deserty na zernobobovoj osnove v pitanii bol'nyh s neperenosimost'yu komponentov korov'ego moloka i celiakiej/ Gastroenterologiya Sankt-Peterburga. ‒ № 1. ‒ 2017. ‒ S. 72.

7. Kornen N.N., Viktorova E.P., Evdokimova O.V. Metodologicheskie podhody k sozdaniyu produktov zdorovogo pitaniya// Voprosy pitaniya, tom 84, № 1, 2015, s. 95-99.

8. Gordeev A.V., Butkovskij V.A. Rossiya ‒ zernovaya derzhava. Izdanie 2-e, pererab. i dopoln. ‒ M.: DeLiprint, 2009. ‒ 471 s.

9. Rodionova N.A., Soldatov V.N., Merezhko V.E., YArosh N.P., Kobylyanskij V.D. Oves. Kul'turnaya flora. T. 2. CH. 3. / Pod red. V.D. Kobylyanskogo, V.N. Soldatova. – M.: Kolos, 1994. – 367 s.

10. Loskutov I.G. Oves (Avena L.). Rasprostranenie, sistematika, evolyuciya i selekcionnaya cennost'. – SPb.: VIR, 2007. – 336 c.

11. Ivanova YU.S., Loskutov I.G., Fomina M.N., Blinova E.V. Geometricheskaya harakteristika zerna golozernyh sortov ovsa v zone Severnogo Zaural'ya. Katalog mirovoj kollekcii VIR., vyp. 854, VIR, S-P., 2018, 36 s.

12. Batalova G.A., SHevchenko S.N. Nekotorye rezul'taty selekcii golozernogo ovsa dlya evropejskoj territorii Rossii// Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo centra Rossijskoj akademii nauk, t. 20, № 2(2), 2018 S. 198-203

13. Stewart D., McDougall G. Oat agriculture, cultivation and breeding targets: implications for human nutrition and health // British Journal of Nutrition. 2014, 112. PP. 50–57.

14. Lapina S. Ochishchayushchaya sila ovsa. URL: https://hozyain.by/zdorovie/ochishhayushhaya-sila-ovsa

15. Krasil'nikov V.N., Gavrilyuk I.P., Batalova G.A., Afonin D.V., Popov V.S., Sergeeva S.S., Loskutov I.G., Gubareva N.K. Pishchevye volokna i aveniny zerna golozyornyh sortov ovsa novoj selekcii. Mezhdunarodnyj nauchno-issledovatel'skij zhurnal 2017, № 01 (55), CHast' 2, 111-116. doi: 10.23670/IRJ.2017.55.183

16. Daou C., Zhang H. 2012, Oat Beta-Glucan: Its Role in Health Promotion and Prevention of Diseases //Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2012, 11(4). P. 355-365.

17. Leonova S., Gnutikov A., Loskutov I., Blinova E., Gustafsson K-E., Olsson O. Diversity of avenanthramide content in wild and cultivated oats. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2020, t. 181. № 1, s. 30-47. DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2020-1-25-42

18. Shvachko N. A., Loskutov I. G., Semilet T. V., Popov V. S., Kovaleva O. N., Konarev A.V. Bioactive Components in Oat and Barley Grain as a Promising Breeding Trend for Functional Food Production. Molecules 2021, 26, 2260. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082260

19. Singh R., De S., Belkheir A. Avena sativa (Oat), A Potential Neutraceutical and Therapeutic Agent: An Overview // Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2013, 53(2). P.126-144.

20. Gavrilyuk I.P., Gubareva N.K., Perchuk I.N., Alpat'eva N.V., Loskutov I.G. i dr. Oves v bezglyutenovom pitanii. Trudy po prikl. bot., gen. i sel. VIR. S-P., t. 171, 2013, 269.

21. Meydani M. Potential health benefits of avenanthramides of oats // Nutrition Reviews. 2009, 67(12). P. 731-735.

22. Pawlowska P., Diowksz A., Kordialik-Bogacka E. State of the Art Incorporation of Oats into a Gluten-Free Diet // Food Reviews International. 2012, 28(3). P. 330-342.

23. Bityutskii N., Loskutov I., Yakkonen K., Konarev A., Shelenga T., KhorevaV., Blinova E., Rymin A. Screening of Avena sativa cultivars for iron, zinc, manganese, protein and oil contents and fat-ty acid composition in whole grains. Cereal Research Communication. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-019-00002-2

24. Leonova S., Shelenga T., Hamberg M., Konarev A.V., Loskutov I., Carlsson A.S. Analysis of oil composition in cultivars and wild species of oat (Avena sp.) //Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(17),2008, P. 7983-7991.

25. Liu K. Comparison of Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition and Their Distribution within Seeds of 5 Small Grain Species // Journal of Food Science, 76(2): 2011, P. 334-342.

26. Yusova O.A., Vasyukevich S.V. Ocenka kollekcionnyh obrazcov ovsa po produktivnosti i biohimicheskim pokazatelyam v usloviyah yuzhnoj lesostepi zapadnoj Sibiri. Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2014. № 7. S. 33 – 37.

27. Kozlova G.YA., Akimova O.V. Sravnitel'naya ocenka golozernyh i plenchatyh sortov ovsa po osnovnym pokazatelyam kachestva zerna // Sel'skohozyajstvennaya biologiya. 2009. № 5. S. 87 – 89.

28. Koehler P., Wieser H. Chemistry of Cereal Grains, in Handbook on Sourdough Biotechnology // Springer Science and Business Media, New York. 2013, P.11-45.

29. Gagkaeva T.YU., Gavrilova O.P., Loskutov I.G., Blinova E.V., Anikina L.V. Harakteristika obrazcov ovsa po ustojchivosti k fuzariozu. Katalog mirovoj kollekcii VIR., vyp. 808, VIR, S-P., 2012, 58 s.

30. Loskutov I.G., Gagkaeva T.YU., Gavrilova O.P., Blinova E.V. Raznoobrazie kul'turnogo ovsa po hozyajstvenno cennym priznakam i ih svyaz' s ustojchivost'yu k fuzariozu. Vavilovskij zhurnal genetiki i selekcii, 2016, t. 20, № 3, 286-294. DOI 10.18699/VJ16.151

31. Ivanova YU.S., Fomina M.N., Loskutov I.G. Biohimicheskie pokazateli kachestva zerna u kollekcionnyh obrazcov ovsa golozernogo v usloviyah severnoj lesostepi. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. T. 32. № 6. S. 38-41. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-106090

32. Loskutov I.G., SHelenga T.V., Konarev A.V., Vargach YU.I., Porohovinova E.A., Blinova E.V., Gnutikov A.A., Rodionov A.V. Novyj podhod k strukturirovaniyu sortovogo raznoobraziya golozernyh i plenchatyh form kul'turnogo ovsa (Avena sativa L.) Ekologicheskaya genetika. 2020. T. 18. № 1. S. 27-41. https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen12977

33. Kabashov A. D., Loskutov I. G., Vlasenko N. M., Lejbovich YA. G., Markova A. S., Filonenko Z. V., Razumovskaya L. G. Sorta ovsa Nemchinovskoj selekcii, vklyuchennye v Gosreestr v poslednie gody (obzor) Trudy po prikladnoj botanike, genetike i selekcii 181 (1), 2020, S. 110-118.

34. Loskutov I.G., Kovaleva O.N., Blinova E.V. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po izucheniyu i sohraneniyu mirovoj kollekcii yachmenya i ovsa. Izd. 4-e, dop. i pererab. – SPb.: GNC RF VIR, 2012. – 63 s.

35. Itogovyj-reestr-2021.pdf (gossortrf.ru)

36. Tekhnologiya pererabotki zerna. Pod red.G.A.Egorova. Izd .2-e, dop. i pererab. M., Kolos, 1977, 376 s.

37. Tekhnologiya i oborudovanie mukomol'no-krupyanogo i kombikormovogo proizvodstva/ G.A.Egorov, E.M.Mel'nik, V.F.ZHuravlyov. M.: Kolos, 1979.-368 s.

38. Lebedev V.B. Promyshlennaya obrabotka i hranenie semyan.- M.: Agropromizdat, 1991.- 255 s.